转型时期的社会焦虑研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 09:29

本文关键词： 社会转型社会焦虑现代性不确定性风险　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在社会转型期,因不确定性因素及风险性的增加,人们能够感受到自身对这个变化巨大的社会极为不适应,感到了一种因为生活中未知因素的增多而引起的困惑与不安,甚至是某种恐惧,普遍存在着焦虑心理。近些年,中国社会普遍存在着投资失败、积蓄缩水及失业率攀升等负面现象,这些因素致使越来越多的人出现焦虑心理,有些人甚至陷入到了“生存恐慌”。老百姓因为房价太高,无法买得起房子而感到焦虑;大学毕业生担心毕业后找不到工作而感到焦虑;公司白领由于竞争压力过大而感到焦虑;就连那些拥有财富的企业主也会产生焦虑心理,因为政策的变更随时都有可能使他们一夜之间倾家荡产。目前,个体的焦虑心理出现普遍化、社会化趋势,已经成为中国社会转型期一个不可忽略的社会问题,成为一种困扰着人们的普遍性问题,亟需得到重视与缓解。本研究以社会中多个年龄段的群体为调查对象,采用问卷调查及深度访谈的方法,选取300名社会成员做样本,了解他们在社会转型期焦虑的主要表现,分析焦虑产生的原因及影响,从而对克服的途径进行深入探讨。调查结果显示,人们在转型期的焦虑内容主要表现为生存与发展焦虑、公共问题焦虑(公共卫生安全焦虑、食品安全焦虑、人身安全焦虑)、婚姻焦虑、身份认同焦虑及人际关系焦虑。这些焦虑的产生既有社会因素也有个体自身的因素,社会因素主要是社会环境急剧变化、社会发展不平衡、社会保障制度不健全、社会资本减少、社会价值观多元化等,而个体自身因素则是因为个体心理承受能力太低、主观幸福感的改变、自我认同与评价的标准及精神信仰的缺失等因素所致。社会焦虑的蔓延对中国社会产生了一系列影响。虽然它在某种意义上可以带来一些正面效应,如焦虑心理能够给人们带来压力,促使人们发挥主观能动性,提高自我能力,实现自我价值等。但它更主要的还是带来了多方面的负面作用,诸如破坏社会稳定、降低社会凝聚力及民族凝聚力、冲击政治系统的合法性及有效性与影响个体的身心健康发展等。因此,通过探讨社会焦虑的克服途径,可以达到增强社会成员对转型期的适应能力,适应现代社会的变化及各种新生事物,减少民众思想上的冲击力,帮助他们提高自身素质,改善人和自然的关系,并改进人际关系,使人们能够更加和谐相处的目的。总之,社会焦虑已经成为现代社会的鲜明特征,探讨其克服途径,利于帮助人类在改造世界的活动中,实现人与自然和谐共存;重视社会焦虑还体现了以人为本,这不仅有利于个人的身心健康,还能缓和社会关系,便于社会稳定的维持,和谐社会的构建。
[Abstract]:In the period of social transformation, because of the increase of uncertainty and risk, people can feel that they are not adapted to the changing society. Feeling a kind of confusion and uneasiness caused by the increase of unknown factors in life, even some kind of fear, there is a general anxiety psychology. In recent years, the Chinese society has generally had the investment failure. Negative phenomena, such as shrinking savings and rising unemployment, have led to anxiety among more and more people, some of whom have even fallen into "survival panic". Anxiety about being unable to afford a house; College graduates are anxious about being unable to find a job after graduation; The company's white-collar workers feel anxious because of excessive competitive pressure; Even wealthy business owners are anxious because changes in policy can destroy them overnight. At the moment, individual anxiety is becoming pervasive and socialized. It has become a social problem which can not be ignored in the transition period of Chinese society, and it has become a kind of universal problem that puzzles people, which needs to be paid attention to and alleviated. In this study, 300 members of the society were selected as samples to find out the main manifestations of anxiety in the social transition period, using questionnaires and in-depth interviews to investigate the various age groups in the society. The causes and effects of anxiety are analyzed, and the ways to overcome it are discussed in depth. The results show that the anxiety content of people in the transition period is mainly expressed as survival and development anxiety. Public problem anxiety (Public Health Safety anxiety, Food Safety anxiety, personal Safety anxiety, Marriage anxiety). Identity anxiety and interpersonal anxiety. These anxiety have both social factors and individual factors, social factors are mainly the rapid changes of social environment, social development is not balanced. Social security system is not perfect, social capital is reduced, social values are diversified, and individual factors are due to the individual psychological capacity is too low, subjective well-being changes. The criteria of self-identification and evaluation and the lack of spiritual belief. The spread of social anxiety has a series of effects on Chinese society, although it can bring some positive effects in a certain sense, such as anxiety can bring pressure to people, urge people to play subjective initiative. But it brings many negative effects, such as destroying social stability, reducing social cohesion and national cohesion. Therefore, by exploring the ways to overcome social anxiety, we can enhance the ability of social members to adapt to the transition period. Adapt to the changes of modern society and all kinds of new things, reduce the impact of people's thoughts, help them improve their own quality, improve the relationship between man and nature, and improve the interpersonal relationship. The purpose of making people more harmonious. In a word, social anxiety has become a distinct feature of modern society. It is helpful to help human beings to coexist harmoniously with nature in the activities of transforming the world. Attention to social anxiety also embodies people-oriented, which is not only conducive to the physical and mental health of individuals, but also to ease social relations, easy to maintain social stability, the construction of a harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.6

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