劳务移民的社会资本与性别收入差异研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 23:21

本文关键词： 劳务移民社会资本性别收入差异非条件分位数回归　出处：《广东省社会科学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：不平等的社会事实往往隐匿在种种细节之中。劳动力市场上性别不平等的历史很早就开始了,而在市场经济遍布全球的当代社会,没有什么能比收入差异更广泛而深刻地反映男女两性间的不平等。本文以劳务移民作为研究对象,选取了社会资本这个重要变量用以解释劳务移民的性别收入差异,从中国综合社会调查2012年的统计数据出发,采用非条件分位数回归分解法作为主要研究手段,建立并逐步证明了研究假设,分析结论并提出可能的解决方向。根据实证研究本文发现,首先,劳务移民群体存在性别收入差异,女性劳务移民收入低于男性劳务移民;人力资源、体制因素甚至个人的生活状况都是影响收入的要素,社会资本作为个人所能掌握的一种资源,它对个人收入的影响往往是显著的。第二,社会资本的性别差异是导致目前劳务移民性别收入差异的重要原因。通过回归分析,可以认为社会资本是控制了人力资本、体制要素和其他个人特征变量的影响之后,最重要的解释劳务移民收入差异的变量。通过对劳务移民收入决定模型的建立,可以发现社会资本的性别差异是影响劳务移民性别收入差异的重要因素,一定程度上可以消解其他因素对性别收入差异的影响,并且社会资本对收入的正面影响显著;在引入社会资本的相关变量之后,劳务移民的性别收入差异显著减小。第三,男性劳务移民的社会资本总量大于女性劳务移民。不同性别的劳务移民社会资本的形成的方式也是不一样的,因而男性和女性劳务移民最终的社会资本总量也是不同的;而男性更容易能从正式的网络中获取需要的实质性社会资源,并且男性在资源的交换中也有利于跻身到组织中更富优势的地位,有利于进一步构建社会资本,加大了两性间社会资本总量的不平等。第四,社会资本收益率的性别差异加剧了目前劳务移民性别收入差异。基于非条件分位数回归分解法对劳务移民性别收入差异进行分解可以发现,所有男性劳务移民的社会资本收益率都高于女性劳务移民,因而进一步促进了性别收入差异的形成。按照收入的分布,可以看出从低收入到高收入的不同分位点上社会资本收益率的性别差异是不同的,表现为高收入的劳务移民中,社会资本收益率的性别差异较小,因此社会资本收益率低从而导致女性收入低于男性的现象一般集中于中低收入的劳务移民群体中。在得出结论的基础上,本文从三个方面提出了可能减少劳务移民性别收入差异的建议,分别是加强反性别歧视的相关立法、加大对劳务移民群体的资源投入和减少社会资本构建中的非正式影响因素。最后,本文总结了研究的不足与创新,并对未来的研究提出了展望。
[Abstract]:The social facts of inequality are often hidden in various details. The history of gender inequality in the labor market began early, while in the contemporary society of market economy all over the world. Nothing can reflect the inequality between men and women more widely and profoundly than the income difference. This paper selects the social capital as an important variable to explain the gender income difference of labor migrants, starting from the statistics of China Comprehensive Social Survey in 2012. Using the unconditioned quantile regression method as the main research method, we establish and gradually prove the research hypothesis, analyze the conclusions and put forward the possible solution. The income of female labor migrants is lower than that of male labor migrants. Human resources, institutional factors and even the living conditions of individuals are the factors that affect income. As a kind of resources that individuals can master, social capital often has a significant impact on personal income. The gender difference in social capital is an important reason for the gender income difference of labor migrants. Through regression analysis, it can be considered that social capital controls human capital. After the influence of institutional factors and other individual characteristics variables, the most important variables to explain the income difference of labor migrants. Through the establishment of income determination model of labor migration. It can be found that the gender difference of social capital is an important factor affecting the gender income difference of labor migrants, and to some extent can eliminate the influence of other factors on the gender income difference. And the positive effect of social capital on income is significant; After introducing the relevant variables of social capital, the gender income difference of labor migrants decreased significantly. Third. The total amount of social capital of male labor migrants is larger than that of female labor migrants. Therefore, the final total social capital of male and female labor migrants is different; It is easier for men to obtain the necessary social resources from the formal network, and in the exchange of resources, men are also conducive to a more advantageous position in the organization, and conducive to the further construction of social capital. Increased inequality in the total amount of social capital between the sexes. 4th. The gender difference in the rate of return on social capital exacerbates the gender income difference of labor migrants. Based on the non-conditional quantile regression decomposition method, it can be found that the gender income difference of labor migrants is decomposed. The rate of return on social capital of all male labor migrants is higher than that of female labor migrants, thus further promoting the formation of gender income gap. According to the distribution of income. It can be seen that the gender difference of social capital return rate is different from low income to high income, which shows that the gender difference of social capital return rate is small in high-income labor migration. Therefore, the low rate of return on social capital leads to the lower income of women than men. The phenomenon is generally concentrated in the low and middle income labor migration group. On the basis of the conclusion. This article from three aspects of the possible reduction of labor migration gender income gap recommendations, respectively, to strengthen anti-gender discrimination related legislation. In the end, this paper summarizes the deficiency and innovation of the research, and puts forward the prospect of the future research.
【学位授予单位】：广东省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C912.3;C913.14

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