人格权网上侵权问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 07:34

本文关键词： 人格权网上侵权隐私权个人信息保护法　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民法上的人格权是指民事主体对各种人格利益所享有的排除他人侵害的权利。人格权在法律体系中的作用无可替代,是社会个体生存和发展的基础性权利,能够有效维护人的主体地位和人格尊严。近些年网络技术迅猛发展,在给社会提供极大便利的同时也为新的人格权侵权方式产生埋下了隐患,特别是随着微博、微信等自媒体的出现使人们获得了更为广阔的表达自由,但也为侵犯他人的人格权提供了更为便利的途径。网络具有虚拟性和超地域性,这使得侵权行为简单易行,侵权主体难以确定,当发生侵害他人人格权,如损毁他人名誉、侵犯他人隐私等行为时,极易引起广泛而快速的传播,给当事人造成严重的侵权结果。与传统的侵权方式不同的是,网上侵权在具体案件上难以确定原被告而且取证十分困难,独特的网络空间也使得侵权行为地难以确定从而给司法管辖带来一定的困境。网络侵权现象层出不穷,法律的滞后性和网络管理的复杂性使现实中人格权网上侵权行为保护存在一定的困难。当前人格权网上侵权主要依靠《侵权责任法》第36条和相关司法解释来规范保护,缺乏比较具体和细化的立法条款,法律中有关隐私权的概念和保护都没有详细规定,也没有制定专门的个人信息保护法,人格权网上侵权的司法救济尚存在许多不足之处。欧美国家在长期的发展过程中形成了较为完备的网上侵权保护体系,美国的网络诽谤规则和以行业自律为主导的网络隐私保护框架以及欧盟的网络立法规范保护模式都有值得借鉴的先进经验。完善我国人格权网上侵权保护应当从法律和制度两方面入手,人格权网上侵权行为最终还是要通过法律途径实现救济,而制度可以有效弥补法律规定的不足,二者相辅相成能更好地实现侵权行为保护。法律途径方面首先应在民法中明确隐私权概念的内涵和外延,尽早出台个人信息保护法,另外还应当继续完善《侵权责任法》第36条和相关司法解释的规定,可以考虑制定专门的网络立法或在人格权法下规定网络环境下的侵权保护。人格权网上侵权的预防也是十分重要的,通过实行有限网络实名制能够在比较关键的领域规范网民的言论自由,惩罚性赔偿制度可以有效威慑和警示潜在的侵权者,这两种制度能有效预防和减少现今的人格权网上侵权现象。
[Abstract]:The personality right in the civil law refers to the civil subject's right to exclude the infringement of others, which is the basic right for the survival and development of the individual, and the function of the personality right in the legal system is irreplaceable. In recent years, with the rapid development of network technology, it not only provides great convenience to the society, but also buries hidden dangers for the new way of infringement of personality rights, especially with Weibo, The emergence of self-media such as WeChat has made people gain wider freedom of expression, but it also provides a more convenient way to violate the personality rights of others. It is difficult for the tortfeasor to determine, when the infringement of other people's personality rights, such as damage to the reputation of others, invasion of other people's privacy and other acts, it is easy to cause widespread and rapid dissemination. Different from the traditional way of infringement, online infringement is difficult to determine the original defendant in specific cases and it is very difficult to obtain evidence. The unique cyberspace also makes it difficult to determine the infringing behavior, which brings some difficulties to the jurisdiction. The lag of law and the complexity of network management make it difficult to protect the online tort of personality right in reality. At present, the online tort of personality right mainly depends on Article 36 of the Tort liability Law and related judicial interpretations to regulate the protection. In the absence of more specific and detailed legislative provisions, the concept and protection of the right to privacy have not been specified in the law, nor has a special personal information protection law been enacted. There are still many deficiencies in the judicial relief of personality rights infringement on the Internet. In the long term development of European and American countries, a relatively complete online tort protection system has been formed. America's network libel rules, the network privacy protection framework dominated by industry self-discipline and the European Union's network legislation standard protection model all have the advanced experience to be used for reference. To perfect our country's personality right online infringement protection should be from. Both legal and institutional aspects, In the end, the online tort of personality rights should be remedied through legal channels, and the system can effectively make up for the shortcomings of the law. It is necessary to clarify the connotation and extension of the concept of the right to privacy in the civil law, and to issue the personal information protection law as soon as possible. In addition, the provisions of Article 36 of the Tort liability Law and related judicial interpretations should continue to be perfected, We may consider making special network legislation or providing for the protection of infringement under the network environment under the law of personality rights. The prevention of online infringement of personality rights is also very important. By implementing the limited network real-name system, which can regulate the freedom of expression of Internet users in more critical areas, the punitive damages system can effectively deter and warn potential infringers. These two systems can effectively prevent and reduce the online infringement of personality rights.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913

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