压缩与叠加：中国城市化与“生产政治”演化的独特路径（1978-2012）

发布时间：2018-02-20 03:53

本文关键词： 压缩与叠加城市化土地政治工厂政治空间政治　出处：《复旦大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：通过分析1978年以来中国城市化背景下“生产政治”的演化事实和既有理论,我们发现,经典的路径理论都不能解释中国在这一演化过程中所发生的事情。即使把一些研究历史阶段的理论连接起来,我们仍然不能得出一个清晰而合理的图谱。中国所发生的进程,指向一种“例外”和“异常”。这种“异常”,表现为强制性阶级分工与技术分工之间的巨大差异。这种差异连接起了生产和政治。通过分析28个国家2005年的面板数据,我们得出了中国城市化进程中的技术分工趋势与其他国家的相似性；借助中国1978年至今这30年的数据,并通过对城市化率、三产的固定资产投资、就业和产出等做时间序列的分析,我们看到了生产领域的压缩和叠加。它远远超越了人们所能感知的“中国城市化时间缩短”这一特点。这些压缩与叠加,既有意图性因素也有非意图性因素。政治对人的阶级身份的先赋性规定,则把生产领域的压缩和叠加反映在了政治领域。此外,我们也能观察到生产和政治这两个领域中压缩与叠加之间的相互作用。有许多机制促成了中国独特的城市化道路,它们是：“未曾与过往决裂就拥抱新形态”的改革方式；改革中权力的“警惕性”；改革中对矛盾性制度的包涵；精英通过把自身利益捆绑进既定的权力结构而延续优势地位以及经济增长中的“双层凝聚”性,即政治权力和民众为了不同的目的凝聚在增长这一核心下。这些机制为人们提供了洞悉中国城市化特性的钥匙。随着城市化的展开和权力-资本矛盾体的运动,人们已经很难捕捉城市化中的权力结构和利益格局,它们呈现出弥散性,变得无形而间接。亨利·列斐弗尔关于空间生产的理论给了我们巨大的启示。当我们把土地生产、工厂生产和空间生产作为刻画中国城市化路径的结构型线索时,一种基于生产结构的“压缩”和“政治多态共存”现象就出现了：工厂政治压缩土地政治的同时,空间政治压缩工厂政治和土地政治,此外三者又相互叠加。这是中国所显现的“充满矛盾的、令人费解的”制度多样性的真正根源。为了捕捉政治样态压缩和叠加中发生的机制和过程,我们借助权力、资本与土地的互动,并把这些解释性要素贯穿于各个章节。正是权力、资本和土地的不同互动方式,构成了不同的政治样态；也是三者的互动,制约着政治样态压缩和叠加的机制。当面临地缘政治和金融资本等外部因素冲击时,中国所特有的、融合了过往与当下制度的混合结构,就表现出了多面性。政治权力是中国城市化中的主导性因素,它充满警惕性又运行严密。我们用“权力分工理论”和“权力内部生产理论”,来概括中国政治权力运行的特征。城市空间生产的开展,给中国的政治演化提供了新的机会和挑战。政治权力对空间生产的垄断,既加剧了社会极化,又孕育了政治介入和社会整合的能力。新加坡提供了正面的例子,而英国和美国等资本力量强大的国家,则面临着政治向金融资本交权的结构性危机。综合来看,中国的城市化和“生产政治”的动态演化,代表了一种独特路径：基于生产方式的、生产和政治相互作用的、政治样态的压缩与叠加。经典理论家们或许未曾预料,这种“多政治样态的共存”景观,竟会如此发生。实践中,它为民族国家城市化的演化路径提供了新的样本；理论上,它昭示了以往理论谱系的贫困和局限,并带领我们走向新的、可欲的、和更加包容的理论图谱。在中国的城市化和动态的“生产政治”演化中,变革远没有完成。它的多面相特征和对矛盾的包容,将为国家的未来提供更多的可能。
[Abstract]:By analyzing the evolution facts and existing theories of " production politics " in China ' s urbanization background since 1978 , we have found that the classical path theory cannot explain what China has happened in this evolution . Even if we connect the theory of some research history stages , we still cannot get a clear and reasonable map . By analyzing the panel data of 28 countries in 2005 , we conclude that the trend of technical division of labor in China ' s urbanization process is similar to that of other countries . There are many mechanisms that have contributed to the unique urbanization path of China , which is the reform way of " embracing the new form " in the past ; the " vigilance " of the power in the reform ; the inclusion of the contradiction system in the reform ; the " double cohesion " in the reform ; that is , the political power and the people ' s " double cohesion " in economic growth . These mechanisms provide people with the key to understand the urbanization characteristics of China . With the development of urbanization and the movement of power - capital contradiction , it has been difficult to capture the power structure and interests pattern in urbanization . Henry Lefevre ' s theory about space production has given us great inspiration . When we use land production , factory production and space production as structural clues to depict China ' s urbanization path , a phenomenon of " compression " and " political multi - state coexistence " based on production structure has emerged : at the same time , the political and land politics of the space political compression plant and the other three overlap each other . In order to capture the mechanism and process of political sample compression and superposition , we use the interaction of power , capital and land , and put these explanatory elements throughout the chapters . It is the interaction of power , capital and land . It is the dominant factor in China ' s urbanization . It is full of vigilance and strict operation . We use the theory of power division of labor and the theory of internal production of power to summarize the characteristics of Chinese political power operation . The development of urban space production provides new opportunities and challenges for the political evolution of China . The monopoly of political power on space production increases the social polarization and the ability of political intervention and social integration . Singapore offers a positive example , while countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States face a structural crisis of political power to financial capital . Taken together , China ' s urbanization and the dynamic evolution of " production politics " represent a unique path : the compression and superposition of political samples based on production patterns , production and political interactions . The classical theorists may not expect that this " multi - political coexistence " landscape will happen . In practice , it provides a new sample for the evolution path of urbanization in the nation ' s country . In theory , it shows the poverty and limitation of the previous theoretical spectrum , and leads us to a new , renewable , and more inclusive theoretical map . In China ' s urbanization and dynamic " production politics " evolution , the change is far from complete . Its multi - faceted features and the inclusion of contradictions will provide more possibilities for the future of the country .

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C912.81

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