农村社会技术容量及其影响因素的研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 18:46

本文关键词： 农村社会技术容量指标影响因素实证研究　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：基于对“中国农村对技术尤其是现代农业生产技术的容量究竟怎样,农村需不需要农业技术,需要什么样的技术,以及需要多少技术”的问题的思考,本文通过引入农村社会技术容量这一全新的概念分析工具,从农村内部的社会条件出发,以农村自身技术吸收能力为视角,研究农村社会对外来的或引入的技术的使用和消化情况,揭示影响限制农村技术水平提高的社会因素和条件。由于农村劳动力、技术、农业生产对象存在多样化、复杂性特点,经过理性分析,将农村小麦生产的机械化水平作为选定对象加以研究,探讨如何利用农村社会技术容量这一分析工具来开展研究。本文中对容量的度量采用的是百分比形式,对容量的测量是通过设置具体指标来实现的。将体现小麦生产的机械化水平的播种机械化程度、马力平均年作业量和农田机械化作业率这三个指标经过标准化处理(无量纲化处理)之后,综合为一个新的标志农村社会技术容量的指标。对于指标、变量数据的收集采用问卷调查方法,经过测算,农村社会技术容量为0.7。在参考现有理论和前人研究成果的基础上,采用多元线性回归方法筛选影响因素,建立回归方程,再经过理论和实证分析,分别从农民素质、农户、乡村精英的流失、土地和其他因素等五个维度揭示农村当前技术能力和社会条件对农业生产技术的影响、限制和排挤的作用机制。具体结论为农村中60%的农民的文化程度仅为初中水平,农民过低的文化科技素质限制对技术的接受和使用;在人均1.3亩耕地,户均4块土地的超细碎化分散经营条件下,与机械技术的规模作业要求不相适应,农机装备在农户平均地块面积仅是1.7亩的耕地上不能开足马力,顺畅的作业,土地细碎化成为推广机械技术的障碍;城市化进程的加快,加剧了乡村精英的流失,农村中这部分非富余劳动力的流失降低了农村技术接受能力,使原本就技术薄弱的农村在现代农业的建设中更是雪上加霜、步履维艰;当前农村中的农民闲暇方式、农村社会网络、聚村而居和农村教育,一定程度上也形成对农业生产技术的排斥,综上所述,农村当前不具备吸收和容纳农业生产技术尤其是现代农业技术的能力和条件。经研究,明白为什么农业生产技术推广和传播收效甚微的根本原因是农村自身技术吸收能力太低,没有可以容纳高端、操作复杂的技术的空间,而不是由于技术推广、传播、扩散、模仿和引进不力、不到位、不充分。所以,要提高农村技术水平,先要使农村具备吸收、应用技术的能力和条件,然后再与技术相结合,实现农村生产力和社会的进步。
[Abstract]:Based on the question of "what is the capacity of rural areas for technology, especially modern agricultural production technology, whether or not agricultural technology is needed in rural areas, what kind of technology is needed, and how much technology is needed", By introducing the new concept analysis tool of rural social technical capacity, this paper, from the perspective of the rural internal social conditions, takes the technology absorption capacity of the rural areas as the angle of view. This paper studies the use and digestion of foreign or imported technologies in rural society, and reveals the social factors and conditions that affect the improvement of rural technological level. Because of the diversity and complexity of rural labor force, technology and agricultural production objects, through rational analysis, the mechanization level of rural wheat production is studied as the selected object. This paper discusses how to use the rural social technical capacity as an analytical tool to carry out the research. In this paper, the measurement of capacity is in the form of percentage. The measurement of capacity is achieved by setting specific targets. It will reflect the degree of mechanization of sowing at the level of wheat production. After standardized treatment (dimensionless treatment), the three indexes of the average annual work capacity of horsepower and the rate of farm mechanization are synthesized into a new indicator of the rural social and technical capacity. The variable data collection adopts the questionnaire survey method, through the calculation, the rural social technical capacity is 0.7. On the basis of reference to the existing theories and previous research results, the multivariate linear regression method is used to screen the influencing factors, and the regression equation is established. After theoretical and empirical analysis, the loss of farmers' quality, peasant households and rural elite is analyzed respectively. Five dimensions, such as land and other factors, reveal the influence of current rural technical ability and social conditions on agricultural production technology, and the mechanism of restricting and crowding out. The concrete conclusion is that 60% farmers in rural areas only have a junior middle school education level. The low cultural and scientific quality of farmers limits the acceptance and use of technology, and under the conditions of ultra-fine fragmentation and decentralized management of 1.3 mu of cultivated land per capita and 4 plots of land per household, it is not compatible with the requirements of the scale operation of mechanical technology. Agricultural machinery and equipment on farm land with an average land area of only 1.7 mu could not operate at full horsepower and smooth operation, and the fragmentation of the land became an obstacle to the promotion of mechanical technology. The accelerated process of urbanization aggravated the loss of the rural elite. The loss of this part of the non-surplus labor force in the countryside has reduced the rural technological receptivity, making the rural areas, which were already weak in technology, even more difficult in the construction of modern agriculture. Rural social network, rural education and rural education, to a certain extent, also form the exclusion of agricultural production technology, in summary, the rural areas currently do not have the ability and conditions to absorb and accommodate agricultural production technology, especially modern agricultural technology. Through research, we can see that the fundamental reason why the agricultural production technology has achieved little success is that the rural areas themselves have too low absorptive capacity to accommodate high-end and complex technologies, not because of the extension and dissemination of technology. Therefore, in order to improve the level of rural technology, we must first make rural areas have the ability and conditions to absorb and apply technology, and then combine it with technology to realize rural productivity and social progress.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.82

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