同性恋研究的范式之争:本质主义与建构主义

发布时间：2018-02-24 06:03

本文关键词： 同性恋本质主义建构主义性取向性身份　出处：《学术论坛》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本质主义与建构主义是同性恋研究的两大基本范式。本质主义认为性取向是自然的、内在的本质,它由先天决定,并独立于社会与历史,不同性态之间无法真正发生转换。本质主义通常以阶段论或线性模型解释性身份的形成过程。建构主义认为现实是社会性的建构,它反对跨历史文化的性观念,认为性取向依附于文化,是关系性的和非客观的,同性恋是现代性的产物。建构主义否定规范性的社会类别和阶序等级。事实上,本质主义并不一定反同性恋,建构主义也未必支持同性恋,人们往往策略性地运用这两种范式进行自我辩护。本质主义与建构主义均无法充分地阐释性取向,自然与文化、先天与后天、生物特质与社会环境共同影响着人类性取向的形成与发展。
[Abstract]:Essentialism and constructivism are two basic paradigms of homosexual research. Essentialism holds that sexual orientation is natural and intrinsic, determined by nature and independent of society and history. There is no real transformation between different states. Essentialism usually interprets the process of identity in the form of stage theory or linear model. Constructivism considers reality to be social construction, and it opposes the concept of sex across history and culture. The author holds that sexual orientation is dependent on culture, is relational and non-objective, and that homosexuality is the product of modernity. Constructivism negates normative social categories and rank. In fact, essentialism does not necessarily oppose homosexuality. Constructivism does not necessarily support homosexuality, and people often use these two paradigms to defend themselves strategically. Neither essentialism nor constructivism can fully explain sexual orientation, nature and culture, nature and nurture. Biological characteristics and social environment affect the formation and development of human sexual orientation.
【作者单位】：中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目“同性恋者生存现状研究”(13CSH082)
【分类号】：C913.14

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