上海市流动人口已婚育龄妇女家庭暴力及其对健康影响的研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 21:17

本文关键词： 家庭暴力流动人口已婚育龄妇女健康影响因素　出处：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：[研究背景]针对妇女的暴力是一个全球性的现象,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,这种现象都不同程度地存在,而且大多数施暴者是受害者的家庭成员。家庭暴力不仅会造成婚姻解体、家庭破裂,还严重摧残妇女的身心健康,并会对目击者造成极大伤害。20世纪80年代以来,伴随着国家人口流动政策的逐步放宽以及中心城市吸引力的逐步增强,我国的流动人口增长迅速。大规模流动人口的出现为城市经济、社会的发展作出了巨大的贡献,然而人口流动也引发了很多新的社会问题,其中流动人口中家庭暴力问题日益突出却未能引起社会的足够重视。因此,在构建和谐社会的当今,关注和探讨流动人口中的家庭暴力问题对提高流动人口女性的健康、推进性别平等以及促进社会和谐稳定均具有十分重要的意义。 [研究目的]通过对上海流动人口已婚育龄妇女家庭暴力调查资料的分析,了解流动人口已婚育龄妇女中家庭暴力的发生情况、对妇女健康的影响以及家庭暴力的危险和保护性因素。 [研究方法]本研究为横断面调查,调查对象为20～49岁上海流动人口已婚育龄妇女。采用多阶段整群抽样的方法在上海市虹口区随机选取2个街道,并在选中的街道按比例分别抽取10个和16个居委会,对选中居委会所有符合条件的对象进行结构式问卷调查。现场调查时间为2010年4-5月,调查方式为同性别调查员匿名面对面访谈。调查内容包括人口学特征、一般健康状况、性与生殖健康状况、对家庭性别角色以及家庭暴力的态度、家庭暴力的遭遇情况、受伤情况、遭受暴力后的反应等。完成一次调查大约需要45分钟。共有958份有效问卷纳入了本文的分析,分析软件为SAS 9.1。统计分析方法主要包括t检验、方差分析、卡方检验和Logistic回归分析等。 [研究结果] 1.基本情况：研究对象平均年龄35.4岁,平均结婚年龄23.0岁,80%以上的对象为初中及以下文化程度,再婚的比例为1.3%,职业主要是个体户／私营业主(44.6%)；2/3以上的研究对象在外打工时间超过5年,平均打工年限为10.3年。 2.对家庭性别角色以及家庭暴力的态度：研究对象家庭性别角色态度以居中和传统的比例较多(分别为39.1%和30.1%)。绝大多数对象认同在特定情况下妻子可以拒绝与丈夫过性生活(79.3%-90.6%)和反对丈夫殴打妻子(79.6%-98.4%),但仍有部分对象反对妻子可以拒绝与丈夫过性生活(8.0%-17.1%),并认同丈夫可以殴打妻子(0.5%-15.7%)。 3.家庭暴力发生情况：研究对象曾经遭受过家庭暴力的情况比较普遍,总的家庭暴力发生比例为40.0%,其中以精神暴力最为常见(27.8%),其次为控制行为(17.5%)和身体暴力(10.8%),性暴力的发生比例相对较低(5.7%)；最近一年中,有18.7%的调查对象遭受过家庭暴力,仍然是精神暴力(15.3%)最为常见,其次为身体暴力(5.7%)和性暴力(3.0%)。 4.家庭暴力影响因素：多因素Logistic逐步回归分析表明,结婚年龄大、文化程度高、在上海有亲戚、遇到事故时邻居主动帮助、在本小区居住时间长和最近一年没有换过工作的研究对象遭受家庭暴力的危险性较小；而反对妻子拒绝与丈夫过性生活、认同丈夫殴打妻子、对经济财产控制能力差、配偶有频繁饮酒、赌博以及与他人有暴力冲突的对象遭受家庭暴力的危险性较高。 5.家庭暴力对妇女健康的影响：在遭受过丈夫身体暴力的对象中,47.4%的对象认为丈夫的暴力对自己的身心健康有影响,24.3%的对象报告出现身体受伤。是否遭受家庭暴力与妇女的一般健康状况、心理健康状况、性与生殖健康状况均有关联：遭受过家庭暴力的对象经常感到头痛和身上疼痛/不适等-般健康状况以及感觉紧张/害怕/担忧、容易发怒、哭的次数比以前多、经常觉得自己毫无价值以及对生活感到厌倦等不良心理状况的比例高于未遭受过暴力的对象；遭受过身体暴力或性暴力的对象更容易产生不良妊娠结局、生殖道感染症状、妇科疾病、感到缺乏性欲和性生活不和谐等方面的问题。 6.对身体暴力的应对情况及需求：在遭受过身体暴力的研究对象中,有46.6%的对象曾将自己的遭遇告知过别人,38.9%曾获得过帮助,73.8%希望有人能帮助她们。 [结论] (1)上海市流动人口已婚育龄妇女中遭受家庭暴力的现象较普遍；(2)有多种因素与家庭暴力发生相关联,应针对一些危险因素进行家庭暴力预防干预；(3)家庭暴力与妇女的一般健康、心理健康以及性与生殖健康状况均有明显的关联性。(4)遭受过家庭暴力的妇女向外寻求帮助的比例较低,认为“家丑不可外扬”、在上海的社会支持状况较差和对上海社会支持状况不了解是她们不去求助的主要原因。
[Abstract]:[background] violence against women is a global phenomenon, whether developed or developing countries, this phenomenon has existed, and most of the perpetrators are victims of domestic violence. Family members will not only cause the dissolution of the marriage, family breakdown, but also destroy the women's physical and mental health, and will cause great harm on 80s the.20 century witnesses since, along with the flow of the country's population policy gradually relaxed and gradually increase the attractiveness of the city center, China's floating population grows rapidly. The appearance of a large floating population for the city economy, made a great contribution to the development of the society, however, migration also caused a lot of new social problems, including family the floating population in the violence problem increasingly has failed to attract enough attention of the society. Therefore, in the construction of a harmonious society, attention and exploration Addressing domestic violence in floating population is of great importance for improving the health of floating women, promoting gender equality and promoting social harmony and stability.
[Objective] to understand the incidence of family violence, the impact on women's health, and the risk and protective factors of domestic violence among migrant women of childbearing age in Shanghai.
[Methods] this study is a cross-sectional survey, survey of married women of childbearing age is 20~49 years old. The floating population in Shanghai by stratified cluster sampling method in Shanghai city of Hongkou District were randomly selected from 2 street, and in the selected street were selected according to the proportion of 10 and 16 residents, survey questionnaires to select committees all eligible subjects. Field investigation of the time for the 2010 4-5 month survey for sex investigator anonymous face-to-face interviews. The survey includes general demographic characteristics, health status, health status and reproduction of family, gender roles and family violence attitude, situation, family violence, injuries, violence after the reaction. It takes about 45 minutes to complete a survey. A total of 958 valid questionnaires were included in the analysis, SAS 9.1. analysis software for statistical analysis methods include T test, analysis of variance, chi square test and Logistic regression analysis, etc.
[results]
1. basic conditions: the object of study, the average age of 35.4 years, the average age of marriage at the age of 23, more than 80% of the target for the junior middle school education level and below, remarriage proportion is 1.3%, the main occupation is self-employed / private owners (44.6%); the research object above 2/3 working time in over 5 years, the average wage for 10.3 years years.
2. of the families of gender roles and family violence attitude: study family gender role attitudes and traditions in the middle of larger proportion (39.1% and 30.1%). The vast majority of object identity in the particular case of wife can refuse to have sex with her husband (79.3%-90.6%) and the husband beat his wife (79.6%-98.4%), but there are still part of the object against the wife can refuse to have sex with her husband (8.0%-17.1%), and identify the husband can beat his wife (0.5%-15.7%).
The occurrence of domestic violence: 3. research objects had been subjected to domestic violence is more common, the total domestic violence ratio of 40%, with the spirit of violence was the most common (27.8%), followed by the control of behavior (17.5%) and (10.8%) physical violence, sexual violence occurred in the proportion of relatively low (5.7%); last year, 18.7% of the respondents suffered from family violence, mental violence (15.3%) is still the most common, followed by physical violence and sexual violence (5.7%) (3%).
4. domestic violence factors: multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the age of marriage, a high degree of culture, have relatives in Shanghai, the accident when a neighbor in the initiative to help, a lower risk of living in this district and long last year no work has been the research object of domestic violence against his wife and refused; her husband had sex identity, her husband beat his wife, on the economic property control ability is poor, their spouses have a higher risk of frequent drinking, gambling and the object had a violent conflict with others suffering from domestic violence.
5. domestic violence impact on women's health: the objects suffered husband physical violence, 47.4% objects that affect her husband's violence on their physical and mental health, 24.3% of respondents reported whether suffered physical injuries. The general health status of domestic violence and women's mental health, sexual and reproductive health status were significantly related object: suffered domestic violence often feel headache and body pain / discomfort - like health and feel nervous / fear / worry, irritability, crying more than usual, often feel nothing, feel tired and other adverse psychological status proportion of life was higher than that suffered the object of violence. Object; suffered physical or sexual violence is more prone to adverse pregnancy outcomes, reproductive tract infection symptoms, gynecological diseases, lack of sexual desire and sexual disharmony etc. The problem.
6., coping with physical violence and needs: 46.6% of the subjects who had suffered physical violence had told their experiences to others, 38.9% had been helped, 73.8% hoped someone could help them.
[Conclusion] (1) suffered from family violence among married women of childbearing age of floating population in Shanghai city was a common phenomenon; (2) there are many factors associated with domestic violence, should be aimed at some risk factors of domestic violence prevention and intervention; (3) the general health of domestic violence and women's mental health and health status were significantly sexual and reproductive relevance. (4) suffered from family violence women outside help is relatively low, that "domestic shame should not be published in Shanghai," the poorer social support and social support status of Shanghai do not understand is the main reason for them not to ask for help.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：R173;C913.8

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