河北省0-5岁儿童家庭养育成本研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 02:12

本文关键词： 养育成本生活支出教育支出医疗花费陪伴时间　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2015年10月中共十八届五中全会决定实施全面二孩政策,这是继单独二孩政策后的又一次计划生育政策重大调整。然而,政策实施至今,并没有收到预期的效果。根据一些学者的研究,其原因主要在于生育抚养孩子的生活、教育、医疗等直接成本和因为照顾婴幼儿而产生的机会成本,都成为生育子女的障碍。生育率降低的动力在不断发挥作用,生育率回升到一个合适水平越来越困难。因而,促进生育水平保持一个适度水平便成为一个需要研究解决的问题。本文基于这一背景,展开对育儿成本及其决定因素分析,以期为破解这一难题提供一些支撑。本研究运用2014年中国计划生育家庭发展追踪调查数据,对河北省0-5岁儿童家庭养育成本研究进行统计学分析。首先,笔者对直接成本和间接成本进行描述性分析得出:直接成本中,食品支出是最主要的生活支出,生活总支出随儿童的年龄先上升后下降;教育支出随儿童的年龄增长而递增,并且城乡差异显著;医疗花费中农村儿童住院负担更重。间接成本中,有三分之一的儿童由(外)祖父母单独照料;陪伴时间次之,对抚养成本的影响也很大。通过卡方检验,儿童养育成本中的直接成本与间接成本存在显著性差异,且城市大与农村。其次,笔者运用线性回归统计分析方法,对养育孩子总成本和直接成本中的生活支出、教育支出和医疗花费的影响因素分别进行了检验。结果发现:(1)养育孩子的总花费城乡差异显著,城市一年的总费用是农村的两倍,并且城市儿童总花费在家庭总支出占比更高。儿童总花费的总体趋势是上升的,即儿童年龄越大,一年总花费的费用越高,五岁儿童的总花费最高。(2)样本点类型、家庭户第一位接受调查者的教育程度、全年总收入、是否为留守儿童和孩子年龄等五个变量对儿童总花费的影响显著。这五个自变量中只有是否为留守儿童这一变量对儿童总花费是负向影响,其余均为正向影响。在以上定量研究的基础上,笔者提出加强基层组织的宣传和引导作用、完善社会保障体制,加大儿童医疗保障力度、完善我国劳动力市场制度,为育儿提供弹性工作机制、加强基础教育建设,提升儿童教育质量和推进精准扶贫,提高贫困家庭儿童抚育能力等相关建议。
[Abstract]:In October 2015, the Fifth Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee decided to implement a comprehensive two-child policy, which was another major adjustment of the one-child policy. However, the policy has been implemented so far. It didn't work as expected. According to some scholars, the main reasons for this are the direct costs of child-rearing, education, medical care, and the opportunity costs associated with taking care of infants and young children. It's becoming a barrier to having children. The driving force of fertility decline is working, and it's getting harder and harder to get back to the right level. It is necessary to study and solve the problem of promoting fertility to maintain a moderate level. Based on this background, this paper analyzes the cost of childcare and its determinants. The purpose of this study is to provide some support for solving this problem. This study uses the data of Chinese Family Planning Family Development tracking Survey in 2014 to conduct a statistical analysis on the family rearing costs of children aged 0-5 in Hebei Province. Through the descriptive analysis of direct and indirect costs, it is concluded that the direct cost of food is the most important living expenses, the total living expenses increase first and then decrease with the age of children, and the expenditure on education increases with the age of children. And the difference between urban and rural areas is significant; the hospitalization burden of rural children in medical expenses is heavier. Of the indirect costs, 1/3 of the children are taken care of by their grandparents alone; the second is the time of company, which also has a great impact on the cost of maintenance. There is significant difference between direct cost and indirect cost in child rearing cost, and there are significant differences between urban and rural areas. Secondly, the author uses linear regression statistical analysis method to analyze the living expenses of total and direct cost of child rearing. The influencing factors of education and medical expenses were tested. The results showed that the total cost of raising children was significantly different between urban and rural areas, and the total cost in urban areas was twice that in rural areas. The overall trend of children's total expenditure is rising, that is, the older the children, the higher the total cost of one year, and the highest total expenditure of five-year-old children. The education level of the first household survey, the total income of the whole year, Whether the left behind children and their age have a significant effect on the total cost of children. Only whether the children are left behind has a negative effect on the total cost of children. On the basis of the above quantitative research, the author proposes to strengthen the propaganda and guidance role of grass-roots organizations, to perfect the social security system, to increase the strength of medical security for children, and to perfect the labor market system of our country. To provide flexible working mechanism for childcare, to strengthen the construction of basic education, to improve the quality of children's education and to promote the precision of poverty alleviation, and to improve the ability of raising children in poor families, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.5

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