人的公共性的哲学思考

发布时间：2018-03-07 15:10

本文选题：公共性　切入点：个性　出处：《中共中央党校》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：思想理论反映客观现实,公共性理论研究的兴起也正是人的公共性危机这一客观现实的反映。如今市场经济的迅速发展不仅带来了物质财富的日益丰富,也带来了消费主义的弥漫。逐渐地,人际交往演化为一种基于利益交换的工具性交往,人情关系更是被泛化为一种世俗的资源,作为类的存在,人们却过分关注和追求物质利益的攫取所带来的快乐,忽视和他者的关系性存在本身所能带给自己的幸福感。因此,一种无根的焦虑感和心灵的漂泊感笼罩着现代人的心灵。这反映了人们内在归属感的虚弱,从根本上讲,是人的公共性的缺失。基于此社会现实,论文通过借鉴国内外不同学科领域现有的关于公共性的研究成果,以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为指导思想,去解读人的公共性。本文的话语体系是马克思主义哲学理论体系。马克思主义哲学文本中包含着丰富的公共性思想。这不仅体现在马克思主义哲学话语体系中有多个以“公共”作为前缀的概念,如“公共利益”、“公共交往”,也体现在唯物史观对人类实践活动的理解上:人类历史的第一个基本的实践是处理人与自然界之间的关系的实践即物质资料的生产实践,但是个体是有限的,所以当有限的个体无力实现自己的多方面需要时,人们就借助群体的、他人的力量,以共同体的形式和自然相抗争。这里集中体现着马克思主义哲学包含的公共性精神。因此,马克思主义哲学中的公共性思想和公共性精神为我们对公共性进行研究奠定了基础、指明了方向;同时,因其没有对公共性概念进行过规范的界定,也未形成系统的关于人的公共性的理论体系,因此在马克思主义哲学话语体系中依旧存在着公共性研究的广阔空间。本文首先就人的公共性概念进行了思考和剖析。人的公共性是一个以公众的个人独立自由为基础、进行公开表达和参与公共事务的社会历史现象。它是人们作为类的存在所应呈现的一种生存状态,这种状态要高于人们一般意义上的社会性;它是社会历史发展到进入现代社会后,人们所应具备的现代品质;它还是一种理想,它的成熟与完善既与人的个性实现相符合,也与未来社会人的自由全面发展相契合。在概念剖析的基础上,本文从历史发展维度梳理了公共性的历史样态。公共性是一个社会历史概念,有其自身产生、发展、成熟的历史,在不同的发展阶段有着不同的历史形态。在前资本主义社会,伦理层面的公共精神是人的公共性在当时的主要体现,可以看作是人的公共性的萌芽;现代意义上的公共性的形成是在现代社会,其确立在很大程度上得益于现代国家政权、社会团体和现代传媒的发展;随着社会历史的发展和现代化进程的推进,人的公共性的发展将与人的现代性的发展相互增益,自由人联合体将逐渐成为人类的生存样态和组织方式,人的公共性将最终实现成熟与完善。在对人的公共性概念进行解读和对其历史发展形态进行梳理之后,本文进一步就人的公共性所具有的特点和类型展开论述。人的公共性具有共有性、公开性、公平性这三个显著特点;以性质、层次、状态、价值评价作为标准,人的公共性有着纷繁多样的类型。但尽管存在这些不同的类型与特征,人的公共性仍有统一的集中体现。这种集中体现一方面是共同的关注点、共同的活动域,另一方面是活力与秩序的和谐统一。最后,在理论分析的前提下,在唯物史观的思想指导下,本文立足于社会现实尤其是当今中国的社会现实,直面公共性的缺失这一社会问题,深入分析公共性危机的社会根源,在此基础上探索得出公共性培育的路径。即,必须抓住公共利益这一根本点以及协商民主这一关键,以道德建设和制度改革分别作为思想引导和制度保证,有意识地培育和建设人的公共性,使公共性建设朝着自由人联合体这一方向顺利进行,努力实现人的自由全面发展,也更好地推进当代中国的现代化建设。
[Abstract]:The ideological and theoretical reflection of objective reality, the rise of the public theory research is also the public crisis of the objective reality. Now the rapid development of the market economy has not only brought the growing wealth of material wealth, but also brought consumerism diffuse. Gradually evolved into a kind of interpersonal relationship based on interests exchange tool communication, human relations are the generalization for a secular resource, as a class, people have too much attention and brought to grab the pursuit of material interests and neglect others happiness, existence itself can bring their own happiness. Therefore, a rootless anxiety and heart the feeling of drifting over the soul of modern people. It reflects the inherent weakness of the sense of belonging, fundamentally speaking, is the lack of publicity. This thesis is based on the social reality, through different disciplines at home and abroad On the public nature of the existing research results, based on dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the guiding ideology, the public to read people. This is the discourse system of Marx philosophy theory system. Marx philosophy text contains public thought rich. This is not only reflected in a "public" as prefix concept in the discourse system of Marx's philosophy, such as "public interest" and "public relations", also reflected in the historical materialism of practice of human understanding: first the basic practice of human history is the production practice to deal with the relationship between man and nature is the material, but the individual is limited so, when the limited individual can not achieve many of their own needs, people with the group, the power of others in the community in the form of struggle and natural body set here. The public spirit is the Marx philosophy contained. Therefore, the public thought and public spirit of Marx's philosophy as we laid the foundation for the study of the public, pointed out the direction; at the same time, because it is not on the public concept of defined norms, nor the formation of human nature of public the theory of the system, so there is still a vast space of public research in the discourse system of Marx philosophy. Firstly, the thinking and analysis of the concept of the public. The public person is a person of public independence and freedom based public expression and participation in public affairs social history the phenomenon. It is a kind of living state of people as a class exists should appear, this state is higher than that of the social people in general sense; it is the social and historical development in modern society, The modern qualities of people; it is a kind of ideal, it is mature and perfect and personality to achieve consistent with future social comprehensive development of human freedom fit. Based on the analysis of the concept, this paper from the angle of historical development of the public combing the historical forms of public. A social historical concept, has its own production, development, maturity of history, there are different historical forms in different stages of development. In the capitalist society, public spirit and ethical level is mainly reflected in the public at the time, can be seen as human embryonic public; modern significance the public is formed in the modern society, its establishment is largely due to the modern state, the development of social organizations and modern media; with the development of society and the modernization of the people, the development of the public With the development of modern people's mutual gain, the Commonwealth of free people will gradually become the human existence state and public organization, people will eventually achieve a mature and perfect. In the public concept of human interpretation and analyzes its historical development pattern, this paper further discusses the characteristics and types of the public is the public. People with common characteristics, openness and fairness of the three characteristics; in nature, level, status, value evaluation as the standard, the public has a variety of types of people. But in spite of the different types and characteristics, embodies the public people are still unified. This reflects is a common concern, the common field of activities, on the other hand is a harmonious unity of vitality and order. Finally, in the premise of theoretical analysis, in under the guidance of historical materialism This paper is based on the social reality, especially in today's Chinese social reality, face the lack of publicity of the social problems, in-depth analysis of the social origin of public crisis, based on the obtained path public cultivation. Namely, we must seize this fundamental point of public interest and deliberative democracy this key to moral construction and the system reform respectively as a guarantee of ideological guidance and system, public awareness of the cultivation and construction of the public building towards the unity of freedom in this direction smoothly, and strive to achieve the free and comprehensive development, will better promote the contemporary Chinese modernization.

【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C912.1

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