精神障碍患者的家庭照顾压力与个案介入

发布时间：2018-03-08 10:10

本文选题：精神障碍患者照顾者　切入点：照顾压力　出处：《南京理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国各类精神障碍患者人数不断增加,由于专业照顾资源的短缺,家庭照顾依旧是我国当前精神障碍患者照顾的主体,家庭照顾者不仅解决了绝大多数精神障碍患者的照顾问题,而且也减少了医疗资源的损耗和护理机构的费用。但是照顾者在承担长期照顾工作的同时还面临着生活、工作、学习、社交等方面的压力,身心健康面临严峻挑战。本文选取精神障碍患者照顾者作为研究对象,通过问卷调查法和半结构式访谈法了解他们的日常照顾内容及压力状况。调研结果显示,精神障碍患者照顾者的照顾压力主要分为有形压力和无形压力。其中有形压力为:经济压力带来的生活拮据,照顾患者引起的身心疲惫;无形压力为:与社区、邻居、警察产生的冲突;家庭成员之间关系的摩擦,复杂的医患关系,来自社会的歧视、污名及边缘化等。根据访谈结果,运用社会学相关理论就压力来源进行深层次分析,认为主要原因为:福利政策的缺失;污名带来的自我否定;社会支持网络的破裂。在此基础上,本研究结合社会工作的实务特性,加以个案介入,针对个案的实际情况,为其重建社会支持网络,以达到缓解照顾压力的目的。最后在压力应对策略上,结合访谈内容和个案介入效果,从三方面入手缓解照顾者照顾压力。一、完善精神障碍患者照顾者的福利政策:提供喘息服务;认可照顾者社会贡献并提供劳动报酬;进行专业个案辅导;完善医疗保险政策等方面来减轻照顾者身心压力。二、帮助精神障碍患者及其照顾者去污名化:精神障碍患者及其照顾者自身要正视精神疾病,不可自我否定;社区加大宣传教育,承担去污名化责任;媒体注重舆论导向,引导社会公众对该群体的关注。三、重建社会支持网络:医院及医护人员的专业支持;家庭的经济、情感支持;政府、社区的政策、生活支持;社会组织的纽带作用。
[Abstract]:The number of patients with mental disorders in China is increasing. Due to the shortage of professional care resources, family care is still the main body of care for patients with mental disorders. Family caregivers not only solve the care problems of the vast majority of people with mental disorders, but also reduce the depletion of medical resources and the cost of nursing institutions. But carers face life and work while undertaking long-term care work. Study, social pressure, physical and mental health and physical and mental health is facing severe challenges. This paper selected patients with mental disorders caregivers as the study object, Through questionnaire survey and semi-structured interview to understand their daily care content and stress status. The results show that, The care stress of the caregivers of mental disorders is mainly divided into tangible pressure and invisible pressure, among which the visible pressure is: the financial pressure brings about the financial stress, the physical and mental fatigue caused by the care of the patient, the invisible pressure is: with the community, the neighbor, Conflicts generated by the police, friction between family members, complex doctor-patient relationships, discrimination from society, stigma and marginalization. Based on the results of interviews, a deep analysis of the sources of stress is carried out using sociological theories. The main reasons are: lack of welfare policy, self-negation caused by stigma, breakdown of social support network. In order to rebuild the social support network to relieve the stress of caregiving. Finally, in the stress coping strategy, combining the interview content and the effect of individual intervention, we can relieve the carer care pressure from three aspects. Perfect welfare policy for caregivers of mental disorders: provide respite services; recognize carers' social contributions and provide remuneration for work; conduct professional case counselling; improve medical insurance policies to relieve carers' physical and mental pressure. To help people with mental disorders and their caregivers decontaminate: people with mental disorders and their caregivers should face up to mental illness and cannot deny themselves; communities should increase publicity and education and assume responsibility for decontamination; the media pay attention to the guidance of public opinion. Third, rebuild the social support network: professional support for hospitals and medical staff; economic and emotional support for families; government, community policies, life support; the role of social organization.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R197.1;C913.1

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