中日两国养老方式的对比研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 18:38

本文选题：家庭养老　切入点：居家养老　出处：《天津工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人口老龄化是从20世纪后期开始的最重要的全球人口趋势之一。人类面临一种文化传统的变革和构建一个适应长寿时代的新文化。今天,这一变革对发展中国家冲击更大,中国正处于发展的一个新起点。迎接人口老龄化机遇与挑战并存,机遇大于挑战。反观日本,日本已处在世界人口老龄化的第三阶段,即稳定的重度老龄化阶段。而超老龄化社会的突出课题之一就是如何安度晚年。如今的日本已经形成相对完善的养老体制,横跨空间纵越时间的中日对比研究,对我国有很重要的借鉴意义。对于银发浪潮下如何安度晚年,人们做了大量的研究和探讨,这是非常必要且有意义的。中国的家庭、社会、政府三大养老压力问题并指出我国政策建构初期应对的不足之处,分析概括在中国传统家庭养老力不从心的形势下,国家提出的一系列政策是否可以发挥市场和政府的协调作用,实现养老方式多样化,解决老龄化本身的问题,同时发挥老龄化具有的潜能,建设活力社会。虽然发达国家日本也鼓励老人在家养老,但因国情不同,与中国又有很大的差别。同很多西方资本主义国家一样,日本具有较好的社会保障制度,老年生活丰富多彩。尤其值得一提的是,在日本家庭成员的独立意识比较强,日本老人为了预防老年痴呆,都会攒钱在晚年的时候住进价格不菲的养老院安享晚年。本文主要探讨日本实现养老模式多元化经验对我国的借鉴意义。一方面,中日两国并不是完全对立的。随着经济的发展,中国也进入了老龄化社会,越来越多的人将认识到老人与子女是完全独立的个体,老人们也将越来越追求自由、实现个人价值的人类的最高需求。另一方面,中日两国的国家性质,受西方文化的影响程度、福祉的市场化程度不同,所固有的养老观念及方式也不相同。日本在解决养老问题上的一些经验值得我们学习。日本基本上形成了重视经济联系的西方小家庭制。而今天的中国的家庭仍是更重视血缘亲情的传统大家庭制。中国政府在借鉴日本养老经验的基础上也必须考虑到中日家庭的差异性,制定符合我国国情、民意的政策,推行传统思想与当前形势相结合的养老方式,大胆做出变革。
[Abstract]:Population ageing is one of the most important global demographic trends that began in late 20th century. Humanity faces a change in cultural tradition and the construction of a new culture adapted to the longevity era. Today, this change has a greater impact on developing countries. China is at a new starting point for its development. The opportunities and challenges of meeting the aging population coexist, and the opportunities are greater than the challenges. In contrast, Japan is already in the third stage of the aging of the world's population. That is, a stable stage of severe aging. One of the outstanding topics of a super-aging society is how to spend its old age safely. Today, Japan has formed a relatively perfect pension system, a comparative study of China and Japan spanning the time span of space. It is very important for our country to draw lessons. People have done a lot of research and discussion on how to spend their twilight years in the wave of silver hair. This is very necessary and meaningful. Chinese family, society, This paper points out the deficiencies of the initial policy construction of our country, analyzes and sums up the situation of Chinese traditional family pension under the situation that the old-age support is not up to the standard. Whether a series of policies put forward by the state can play a coordinating role between the market and the government in order to diversify the way of providing for the aged, solve the problem of aging itself, and at the same time bring into full play the potential of aging. Building a vibrant society. Although Japan in the developed countries also encourages the elderly to provide for the aged at home, due to different national conditions, there is a great difference with China. Like many western capitalist countries, Japan has a relatively good social security system. Life in old age is rich and colorful. In particular, it is worth mentioning that family members in Japan have a strong sense of independence. In order to prevent dementia, They will save money in their later years to live in expensive nursing homes for their old age. This paper mainly discusses the significance of Japan's experience in realizing the diversification of the old-age care model for our country. On the one hand, China and Japan are not completely opposite. With the development of the economy, China has also entered an aging society. More and more people will realize that the elderly and their children are completely independent individuals, and the elderly will increasingly pursue freedom. On the other hand, the national nature of China and Japan is influenced by Western culture, and the degree of marketization of welfare is different. Japan's experience in solving the pension problem is worth learning. Japan has basically formed a Western family system that attaches importance to economic ties. And today's Chinese families are still. It is a traditional extended family system that attaches more importance to blood kinship. The Chinese government must also take into account the differences between Chinese and Japanese families on the basis of drawing lessons from Japan's experience in providing for the aged. It is necessary to formulate policies in line with China's national conditions and public opinion, to carry out old-age support methods combining traditional ideas with the current situation, and to make bold changes.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.6

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