社会网络与劳动力市场回报

发布时间：2018-03-13 01:11

本文选题：社会网络　切入点：个体化　出处：《上海大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文旨在研究中国城市中，社会网络与个人生活际遇之间的关系。大量的市场转型研究已经检验了各项正式制度对社会分层秩序的作用所导致的个人生活际遇的变化，而非正式制度（社会网络）作为影响社会分层的资源配置机制，也得到越来越多研究者的关注。在中国的社会转型过程中，一个重要的特征就是国家通过消除或减少之前的制度性支持为个体松绑，让个体渐进地直面充满竞争与风险的劳动力市场。在这样的变迁过程中，个体的不安全感和对生活际遇的不可把握性是否会增加对非正式制度支持的依赖？对非正式制度支持的依赖以及熟练的操控又会对他们的生活际遇产生什么样的影响？这些影响在劳动力市场特征不同的各个阶段又以什么样的方式呈现？上述这些问题构成了本研究的主要目标。运用2009年“中国大城市社会网络与职业经历”（JSNET2009）调查数据，本文的研究发现：（1）随着劳动力市场的建立和逐渐成熟，市场渠道逐渐成为求职的主流方式，社会网络渠道和混合社会网络渠道也逐步增加并占据重要的位置。人们并没有因为劳动力市场的逐渐成熟以及市场机制的逐步完善而降低对社会网络资源的使用，个体在从国家依附中“脱嵌”之后，“再嵌入”到了社会网络中去。（2）在不同的时期，社会网络资源起到了不同的作用：在双轨制时期，社会网络资源能够为个体带来特殊利益；而在其他时期，社会网络资源可以保护人们不被配置到劳职无关的岗位上去。（3）社会网络资源作为影响劳动力市场经济回报的重要因素之一，在一定程度上削减了性别和体制工资差异，，而和人力资本的联合作用则扩大了劳动力市场不平等程度。（4）社会网络资源的动用与求职者劳动力市场情感回报之间存在着负相关。与未使用社会网络资源求职的人相比，那些使用社会网络资源求职的人得到的是比较低的工作满意度。在工作单位，他们也要花更多的时间去和同事建立朋友关系，但是这一时间随着时代的发展而变短。这种转变或许与转型时期人们对使用社会关系求职的看法有关。总之，在社会转型过程中，社会网络作为非正式制度支持的重要来源，在中国劳动力市场建立发展的各个阶段，均发挥着重要的支持性功能。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between social networks and personal life opportunities in Chinese cities. A large number of studies on market transformation have examined the changes in personal life opportunities caused by the effects of various formal institutions on social stratification order. The informal institution (social network), as a resource allocation mechanism that influences social stratification, has been paid more and more attention by researchers. In the process of social transformation in China, An important feature is that the state unshackles individuals by eliminating or reducing previous institutional support, allowing individuals to gradually face up to competitive and risky labour markets. Will individuals' insecurity and uncertainty about their life experience increase their dependence on informal institutional support? What is the impact of reliance on informal institutional support and skilled manipulation on their lives? In what way are these effects present at different stages of the labour market? These problems constitute the main objective of this study. Based on the survey data of "Social Network and career experience in Big cities of China" in 2009, this paper finds that: 1) with the establishment and maturity of the labor market, the market channel gradually becomes the mainstream way to find a job. Social network channels and mixed social network channels have also gradually increased and occupied an important position. People have not reduced the use of social network resources because of the gradual maturity of the labor market and the gradual improvement of market mechanisms. After "de-embedding" from the state attachment, "re-embedding" into the social network.) in different periods, social network resources play different roles: in the dual-track period, social network resources can bring special benefits to individuals; In other periods, social network resources can protect people from being allocated to jobs unrelated to their jobs.) Social network resources are one of the important factors affecting the return of the labor market economy. To some extent, gender and institutional wage differentials have been reduced, However, the combined effect of human capital and social network resources has a negative correlation with the emotional return of job seekers, compared with those who have not used social network resources to apply for jobs, and the employment of social network resources is negatively correlated with the emotional returns of job seekers. Those who use social network resources to find jobs get lower job satisfaction. In the workplace, they also spend more time building friendships with colleagues. But this time is shorter with the development of the times. This shift may be related to people's view of using social relations to apply for employment during the transition period. In short, in the process of social transformation, social network, as an important source of informal institutional support, plays an important supporting role in all stages of the establishment and development of China's labor market.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F249.21;C912

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