基于贵州白裤瑶“蚕丝文化”田野调查的影视人类学阐释

发布时间：2018-03-23 18:42

本文选题：白裤瑶　切入点：专题影像　出处：《西南大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为影视人类学这门新兴的边缘性与交叉性兼具的学科的载体,“人类学影片”对传统文化的记录与保存功能早就被人们所知晓。20世纪50年代,我国大规模摄制了一批关于少数民族的影片,这些影片被界定为国内人类学影片的开山之作。而当时政府正是出于对少数民族文化进行影像保存的目的,才在条件极为艰苦的情况下,大力支持一批电视人和人类学学者共同完成了这一重大任务。但随着影视人类学在我国的不断发展以及人类学影片的大量问世,人们越发在实践中发现到这类影片的独特价值,即影像作为一种介质,它具备将多种符号及文化关系同时展示在场的特质。正是这种特质,使得人类学影片除了作为一种记录手段得以保存即将消失的文化以外,还具有一种超乎于载体本身的“深描”文化效用。基于这样的认识,2010年3月至2010年4月,笔者跟随西南民族教育与心理研究中心的贵州白裤瑶蚕丝文化田野调查小组去到贵州省荔波县瑶山乡白裤瑶聚居地进行了维期近一个月的实地考察与拍摄。我们发现,白裤瑶人种桑养蚕既非满足物质生活的需要,也不以经济交换为目的；而且同一般的“剥茧抽丝”不同,白裤瑶人会将快吐丝的蚕放于平板之上从而直接获得一块平整的丝,即“平板丝”。可以说,“平板丝”是白裤瑶蚕丝文化中一个蕴含着人类学意义的典型符号,它的出现使得该文化具有了一种地方性的特质。而本论文正是在前期实地调研的认知基础上,试图通过对影像文本的再度“田野”,来透视建构在影像中的文化系统三个层面(物质、制度、精神)所涵盖的人类学信息,并对影像文本中一系列和文化关联的符码进行解码,进而揭示影像在文化“深描”向度上的文化效用。
[Abstract]:As the carrier of film and television anthropology, a new discipline of borderline and intersectionality, the function of recording and preserving traditional culture in Anthropology Film has long been known by people in the 1950s. China produced a number of films about ethnic minorities on a large scale, which were defined as the beginning of domestic anthropological films. At that time, the government was trying to preserve the images of minority cultures. Only under extremely difficult conditions did we support a group of television people and anthropologists to accomplish this important task together. But with the continuous development of film and television anthropology in our country and the emergence of a large number of anthropological films, More and more people find in practice the unique value of this kind of film, that is, the image as a medium, which has the quality of showing the presence of a variety of symbols and cultural relations at the same time. In addition to preserving the disappearing culture as a means of recording, anthropological films also have a cultural utility beyond the carrier itself. Based on this understanding, from March 2010 to April 2010, The author followed the Guizhou White Kuyao Silk Culture Field investigation team of the Southwest National Education and Psychological Research Center to the Yaoshan Township, Libo County, Guizhou Province, where the Baikouyao area was inhabited for nearly a month. We found that, White trousers and Yao race mulberry silkworms are neither for material needs nor for economic exchange. Moreover, unlike the common "cocoon drawing", the Baikouyao people will put the quick-spun silkworms on the flat plate to obtain a flat silk directly. That is, "flat silk". It can be said that "flat silk" is a typical symbol with anthropological significance in the white Kuyao silk culture. Its appearance makes the culture have a kind of local characteristic. And this paper is based on the cognition of the earlier field research. Through the re-" field "of the image text, this paper attempts to penetrate the anthropological information covered by the three levels of cultural system (matter, institution, spirit) constructed in the image, and decode a series of codes related to culture in the image text. Then it reveals the cultural utility of the image in the dimension of cultural "deep drawing".
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.4

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