基于我国国情的公共卫生危机预警机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 06:07

本文选题：我国国情　切入点：公共卫生危机　出处：《南京师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前公共卫生危机频繁爆发,且发生频率呈上升趋势,这对我国经济发展和社会和谐产生了重大影响。面对公共卫生危机,提前预防是最大的智慧,而预防的重中之重便是建立危机预警机制。由于我国的公共卫生危机预警机制建设起步晚,跟发达国家比起来,政府在处理公共卫生危机时常常显得被动而滞后。因此,尽快建立一套快速、有效、全面的公共卫生危机预警机制,提高政府的公共卫生危机预警能力,是当前我国各级政府的一项重要工作。本文从基本概念出发,研究了公共卫生危机预警机制的涵义,分析了我国公共卫生危机预警机制建设的现状,在肯定我国公共卫生预警机制建设成就的同时,进而从法制建设、危机意识、管理体制、预警设备和责任方式等方面剖析了公共卫生危机预警机制中存在的不足。在分析借鉴英、美发达国家的预警机制经验的基础上,从我国实际情况出发,提出了构建适合我国国情的公共危机预警机制的基本原则和具体对策,其对策表现为：第一,基于公众公共卫生危机意识的淡薄,建立健全公众自我保护系统；第二,基于信息管理系统的不完备,健全公共卫生危机预警流程；第三,基于危机预警的复杂性和专业性较强特点,建立预警咨询系统；第四,基于政府动员能力和组织能力较强特点,建立各级预警组织网络；第五,基于公共卫生经费投入不足现状,加大投入以运用先进的预警设备；第六,基于预警责任机制规范程度不高,规范和健全相关责任机制；第七,基于现有预警法律的不完善,建立公共卫生危机预警法规系统。
[Abstract]:At present, the public health crisis frequently erupts, and the frequency of occurrence is on the rise, which has a great influence on the economic development and social harmony of our country. In the face of the public health crisis, prevention in advance is the greatest wisdom. The most important task of prevention is to establish a crisis warning mechanism. Because the construction of public health crisis warning mechanism in China started late, compared with developed countries, the government often appears passive and lagging in dealing with public health crisis. It is an important task for all levels of government to establish a set of rapid, effective and comprehensive early warning mechanism for public health crisis as soon as possible and to improve the ability of public health crisis warning of the government. Starting from the basic concept, this paper studies the meaning of the early warning mechanism of public health crisis, analyzes the present situation of the construction of the early-warning mechanism of the public health crisis in China, and affirms the achievements of the construction of the early-warning mechanism of public health in China at the same time. Then, from the aspects of legal system construction, crisis consciousness, management system, early warning equipment and responsibility mode, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of the early warning mechanism of public health crisis, on the basis of analyzing the experience of the early warning mechanism in the developed countries of Britain and the United States. Based on the actual situation of our country, this paper puts forward the basic principles and concrete countermeasures of constructing the public crisis warning mechanism suitable for the national conditions of our country. The countermeasures are as follows: first, based on the weak awareness of the public health crisis, Establish and improve the public self-protection system; second, improve the public health crisis early warning process based on the incomplete information management system; third, establish the early warning consultation system based on the complexity and professional characteristics of crisis early warning; fourth, Based on the strong characteristics of government mobilization and organizational capacity, the establishment of early warning organizations at all levels network; fifthly, based on the current situation of insufficient public health expenditure, increase investment to use advanced early warning equipment; sixth, Based on the early warning responsibility mechanism is not high, standardize and improve the relevant responsibility mechanism; seventh, based on the existing early warning law is not perfect, the establishment of public health crisis early warning laws and regulations system.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.4

【引证文献】