黔东南侗族青少年青春期与生殖健康的人类学研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 07:03

本文选题：侗族　切入点：青少年　出处：《中央民族大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：1994年9月在埃及开罗召开的国际人口与发展大会上将生殖健康的概念列入“行动纲领”作为全球重要优先项目,同时指出把青少年生殖健康作为优先关注的目标之一。青少年是未来世界最重要的人力资源,其生殖健康问题直接关系到人口、经济和社会的可持续发展。客观存在的青少年性观念开放、婚前性行为、意外妊娠、性传播疾病及艾滋病等现象逐年加剧,使青少年们面临越来越多的与性和生殖健康相关的危险。但目前存在的计划生育和性健康教育内容及服务对象多局限在已婚育龄夫妇,忽视了对青少年群体的关注。性观念的开放、性教育的滞后,使得青少年达到积极健康的性与生殖健康状态面临更大的困难,青少年的性与生殖健康问题成为一个重要的公共卫生问题和值得关注的社会问题。百年之前,西方科学界开始了一场有关人类行为的成因的“先天”与“后天”的激烈争论。双方争论的重要问题之一是：青春期行为和人格的形成,究竟是由文化决定的还是由生理变化造成的普遍症状?与生物学家不同的是,博厄斯、米德等人类学家提出文化决定论的观点,他们认为青春期是由后天的文化和教育而非先天因素决定的。这场争论一直以来并没有结束,近些年来,在关于青春期的研究上,青春期青少年性成熟的生理年龄、体内激素的分泌,初婚年龄推迟等等原因往往被认为是青春期行为变化的主要因素。本文也就此出发,讨论文化变迁对于青春期行为变化的重大影响。生活在贵州黔东南地区的侗族人民,由于地处偏僻,交通不便,历史上长期处于封闭状态,特殊的自然环境、社会经济、文化制度孕育出了当地富于民族特色的婚恋习俗。随着社会的发展,侗族地区各方面都发生了巨大的变化,其传统婚恋习俗不可避免的也将随之改变。同样的,侗族青少年男女的青春期行为也发生了巨大的变化。而学者们对青春期的研究多集中在汉族地区,对生殖健康的关注多局限在已婚群体,对侗族这样的少数民族青少年青春期和生殖健康的关注较少,这正是本研究的出发点。本文以贵州黔东南地区从江县西山镇P寨为考察点,通过实地田野调查,深入到侗族人民生活的地区,与他们一起同吃同住。运用主位和客位的视角,对侗族群众的生活进行细致的观察,并重点对青少年调查对象进行深度访谈,以收集到的第一手资料为基础,结合历史文献资料,探讨当地侗族青少年及其父母两代人的婚恋行为,利用人类学个案来描述当代侗族青少年的青春期行为,对比侗族村寨两代人青春期行为的巨大变化,指出文化变迁因素在其中起到的主要作用,延续百年之前的人类学争论,为我国的青期期研究提供例证,并为青春期教育提出建议。
[Abstract]:The inclusion of the concept of reproductive health in the Programme of Action as a major global priority at the International Conference on population and Development, held at Cairo, Egypt, in September 1994, Noting, at the same time, that adolescent reproductive health is one of the priority objectives. Adolescents are the world's most important human resources in the future, and their reproductive health issues are directly related to the population, Economic and social sustainable development. The objectively existing phenomena such as open sexual concept, premarital sexual behavior, accidental pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS have been increasing year by year. Adolescents are increasingly exposed to sexual and reproductive health-related risks. However, current family planning and sexual health education content and services are limited to married couples of childbearing age. Neglecting the attention paid to the youth group, the openness of the sexual concept and the lagging of sex education make it more difficult for teenagers to achieve positive sexual and reproductive health. Adolescent sexual and reproductive health has become an important public health problem and a social problem worthy of attention. A hundred years ago, the Western scientific community began a heated debate about the origin of human behavior. One of the important issues in the debate was the formation of puberty and personality. Is it cultural or a common symptom caused by physiological changes? Unlike biologists, anthropologists such as Boyce and Mead argue that adolescence is determined by postnatal culture and education rather than birth factors. In recent years, in the study of puberty, the physiological age of puberty's sexual maturity, the secretion of hormone in the body, the delay of the age of first marriage and so on are often considered as the main factors of the change of puberty behavior. Discuss the significant influence of cultural change on adolescent behavior change. Because of their remoteness and inconvenient transportation, the Dong people living in the southeast of Guizhou Province have been in a closed state for a long time in history, with their special natural environment and social economy. With the development of the society, great changes have taken place in every aspect of Dong nationality area, and the traditional marriage custom will inevitably change with it. The adolescent behavior of Dong adolescents has also undergone great changes. However, most of the scholars' studies on puberty are concentrated in Han nationality areas, and most of their concerns about reproductive health are confined to married groups. Less attention is paid to adolescent and reproductive health of minority adolescents such as Dong nationality, which is the starting point of this study. This paper takes P village of Xishan Town, Congjiang County, southeast Guizhou Province as the investigation point, through field investigation, goes deep into the area where the Dong people live, and eats and lives with them together. Using the perspective of theme and guest, To make a careful observation of the life of the Dong people, and focus on conducting in-depth interviews with the young people, which are based on the first-hand information collected and combined with historical documents. This paper probes into the marriage and love behavior of the local Dong teenagers and their parents, describes the adolescent behavior of the contemporary Dong teenagers by using the anthropological case, and compares the great changes of the adolescent behavior between the two generations in the Dong village. This paper points out the main function of cultural change factors, continuing the anthropological controversy of one hundred years ago, providing an example for the study of youth in China, and putting forward some suggestions for puberty education.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C912.4

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