农民工的社会融合研究：现状、影响因素与后果

发布时间：2018-03-28 08:43

本文选题：农民工　切入点：社会融合　出处：《西安交通大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：农民工在中国的社会经济建设中发挥着重要作用，但他们仍是城市社会的边缘人群和弱势群体，还远未能融合到城市主流社会。同时，农民工正在经历着从老一代向新生代的转换，新生代农民工的行为和态度的变化增加了农民工城市社会融合问题解决的紧迫性。随着中国城市化和工业化进程的加快，农民工的社会融合问题已经成为中国公共管理领域中极具挑战性的重大研究问题，也是中国改善民生、建设和谐社会过程中亟待解决的问题。论文利用2009年X市农民工调查数据，以农民工社会融合的概念建构为基础，系统地对农民工社会融合的现状、影响因素和后果进行了分析：论文揭示了农民工社会融合的现状，，引进农民工-市民网络视角探讨了农民工-市民网络与农民工的社会融合的关系，并对社会融合与农民工的心理健康和发展意愿之间的关系进行了深入研究。论文的创新之处主要体现在以下4个方面：第一，论文对农民工社会融合的概念进行了重新建构，多层面、多维度地揭示了农民工社会融合的现状。现有文献存在定义不清楚、不严格，维度不明确，各维度的方向性不明朗等问题。论文将社会融合定义为“农民工和城市市民之间在文化、社会经济和心理等方面的差异的消减”。社会融合包括文化融合、社会经济融合和心理融合等三个维度，其中文化融合和心理融合具有双向性，而社会经济融合则是方向无涉的。新建构的概念将市民纳入研究视野，为融合状态的评估提供了标尺，有助于对农民工社会融合现状的准确理解。论文发现农民工文化融合的首选策略是融合策略，心理融合以融合型和融入型为主，制度障碍是导致农民工社会经济地位低下的重要因素。第二，农民工-市民网络对农民工的社会融合具有显著的正向作用。现有文献已经认识到社会网络对农民工社会融合的作用，但对超越了亲缘和地缘关系的农民工-市民网络对社会融合的作用还少有关注。论文发现农民工-市民网络对农民工的文化融合和心理融合均有显著的正向影响。但由于制度因素的限制，农民工-市民网络对社会经济融合的影响比较有限：仅有利于职业阶层的向上流动，而对收入和房产拥有的影响不显著。市民角度的研究发现农民工-市民网络显著地缩减了市民对农民工群体的社会距离。农民工-市民网络不仅可以促进农民工融入城市社会，也有利于市民对农民工的认可和接纳，说明农民工-市民网络是理解农民工社会融合模式和路径的重要视角。第三，社会融合对农民工的心理健康具有显著影响。关于移民的社会经济融合与心理健康之间关系的研究已不鲜见，但现有文献忽略了文化融合和心理融合对农民工的心理健康的影响。论文发现文化融合对农民工的心理健康状况具有显著影响：越倾向于保持自己家乡文化的、现代性水平越低的和掌握了当地方言的农民工的生活满意度越高；现代性越高的农民工的抑郁程度越低。心理融合对心理健康具有促进作用：城市归属感越高，农民工与市民之间的社会距离越小，农民工的生活满意度越高，抑郁水平越低。论文还发现文化融合策略和心理融合的类型与农民工心理健康水平显著相关，说明文化融合和心理融合的双向模型对农民工的心理健康有一定的预测能力。第四，文化融合和心理融合对老一代和新生代农民工的发展意愿均有显著影响。关于社会融合与农民工的未来发展选择的关系的探讨多局限于社会经济融合方面，缺乏对社会融合与农民工发展意愿之间关系的系统、全面和准确的认识。尽管社会经济融合对农民工的发展意愿具有最重要的、最具决定性的影响，但文化融合和心理融合对两代农民工的发展意愿的影响同样重要且几乎不存在代际差异。家乡文化保持和城市归属感都是预测农民工发展意愿的重要因素：家乡文化保持得分越高的农民工越倾向于返乡务农，次优选择为返乡非农就业；城市归属感越强的农民工越倾向于选择留城发展，次优选择为返乡非农就业。这说明农民工选择留城或返乡不仅受到他们的社会经济状况的影响，文化融合和心理融合也是他们的重要考量因素。最后，根据研究发现，论文给出一些旨在促进农民工社会融合的政策启示。
[Abstract]:The peasant workers play an important role in China ' s social and economic construction , but they are still the marginalized and disadvantaged groups of the urban society . They are still far from merging into the urban mainstream society . As the urbanization and industrialization process of the migrant workers are accelerated , the social integration of migrant workers has become a very challenging problem in China ' s public administration .

The innovation of the thesis is mainly reflected in the following four aspects :

First , the paper reconfigures the concept of social integration of migrant workers , and reveals the present situation of social integration of migrant workers . The social integration is defined as " the decline of cultural , socio - economic and psychological differences among migrant workers and urban citizens " . Social integration includes cultural integration , social economic integration and psychological fusion .

Second , the peasant worker - citizen network has a positive effect on the social integration of migrant workers .

Third , social integration has a significant impact on the psychological health of migrant workers . The research on the relationship between social economic integration and mental health of migrant workers is not uncommon , but the existing literature ignores the influence of cultural integration and psychological fusion on the mental health of migrant workers .
The lower the degree of depression , the lower the degree of depression of migrant workers with higher modernity . The higher the social distance between migrant workers and the public , the higher the social distance between the migrant workers and the public , the higher the life satisfaction of the migrant workers , the lower the level of depression .

Fourth , cultural integration and psychological fusion have significant influence on the development intentions of the old generation and the new generation migrant workers . The study on the relationship between social integration and the future development of migrant workers is limited to the social and economic integration , and lacks the systematic , comprehensive and accurate understanding of the relationship between social integration and the willingness of migrant workers to develop .
The more migrant workers tend to choose to stay in the city and the second is to return to non - agricultural employment . This suggests that migrant workers choose to stay or return home , not only by their socio - economic conditions , cultural integration and psychological fusion , but also their important considerations .

Finally , according to the research findings , the paper gives some policy inspiration to promote the social integration of migrant workers .

【学位授予单位】：西安交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D412.6;C912.6

【参考文献】