精神健康和智力残疾:公共精神健康的需要

发布时间：2018-04-05 22:39

本文选题：精神健康　切入点：智力残疾　出处：《残疾人研究》2017年02期

【摘要】：文章主要介绍了澳大利亚关于智力残疾人的两项具有代表性的精神健康研究。第一项研究是从儿童到成人的纵向研究,历时20年,追踪了智力残疾儿童和青少年从童年到成年的精神健康状况。第二项研究是生命周期项目研究,主要研究了南澳大利亚州成人的精神健康问题,包括老年智力残疾人、智力残疾的原住民和托雷斯海峡群岛的成年智力残疾人。两项研究结果表明,严重的精神健康问题对于30%至40%的智力残疾人、家属及护理人员均有不利影响,这些严重的情绪和行为问题最早在童年期就开始出现并持续存在,是一般社区居民的2至3倍,但仅有约10%得到特定的心理健康服务。在智力残疾人中,普遍存在严重的情绪和行为问题,比生活在普通社区的精神分裂症患者更普遍。这些情绪和行为问题给家庭和照料者带来了极大负担,也提高了社区成本。精神健康问题导致的痛苦和紊乱行为,通常被简单地视为只是由智力残疾所导致的,因此往往错失了有效处理和提高患者及其家庭生活质量的时机。全面的公共社区精神卫生服务,应包括预防、早期干预、全员培训、健康和残疾服务整合的精神卫生服务,必须减少患者及其家庭和社区的持续负担。
[Abstract]:This paper introduces two representative mental health studies on intellectual disability in Australia.The first study, a 20-year longitudinal study of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities, tracked mental health from childhood to adulthood.The second study, the Life cycle Project, looked at mental health issues among adults in South Australia, including the elderly with intellectual disabilities, indigenous people with intellectual disabilities and adults with intellectual disabilities in the Torres Strait Islands.Two studies have shown that severe mental health problems have adverse effects on 30 to 40 percent of people with intellectual disabilities, family members and nurses, and that these serious emotional and behavioral problems begin to appear and persist as early as childhood.It is two to three times as large as the average community, but only about 10 percent receive specific mental health services.Severe emotional and behavioral problems are common among people with mental disabilities, more common than schizophrenia living in ordinary communities.These emotional and behavioral problems place a heavy burden on families and caregivers and increase community costs.The pain and disorder caused by mental health problems are often seen simply as caused by intellectual disability, and therefore often miss the opportunity to effectively deal with and improve the quality of life of patients and their families.Comprehensive public community mental health services, including prevention, early intervention, full staff training, and integrated mental health services with health and disability services, must reduce the continuing burden on patients and their families and communities.
【作者单位】：澳大利亚莫纳什大学发展精神病学和心理学中心;北京回龙观医院北京大学回龙观临床医学院;
【分类号】：C913.69

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