看不见的社区：一个珠三角彝族劳工群体的生活史研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 05:19

本文选题：彝族　切入点：农民工　出处：《中央民族大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：在市场化改革导致的“民工潮”当中,作为自农村向城市迁徙的中国人的一部分,许多少数民族农民也离开家乡,进入城市劳动力市场寻找工作机会。但是,中国的少数民族多以“大杂居”和“小聚居"的形式居住在边疆地区或内地山区,仿佛是静止的人群。所以,进城务工的少数民族农民较少受到学者的关注。东部沿海地区时有发生的“民工荒”,劳动力供给不稳定,这就意味着需要更为庞大和灵活的劳动力储备。对临时工的大量需求,给缺乏技能的少数民族农民以脱离农业生产和进入工厂工作的机会。他们的文化习俗与社会组织形式,在不同情况下可能推动或阻碍了对这种弹性劳动力市场的适应。相对于汉族,少数民族农民离乡进城的影响可能更为深远,其原有的社会组织形式亦将发生变化甚至解体。但是,依据历史经验,移民在城市中往往会形成移民社区。在生活史的视角下,这种连续的变迁过程可以归结为生活秩序在异地的重建。身在珠江三角洲的彝族农民工就经历了这样的变迁。在新的生活环境当中,他们结成了自组织形式的共同体。以一部分工资为报酬,自组织中的带工老板负责为其他彝族农民工介绍工作,而在失业时则提供维持生活的救济。理解这种自组织的形成,需要考虑彝族的文化传统,带工老板的个体经验,以及珠江三角洲的地方背景等方面。个较长时期的、从家乡生活开始的历史回顾,有助于认识自组织内部的阶层分化和民族文化起到的作用。在自组织的内外运作和个体生活的种种细节当中,可以发现彝族人在城市中形成的实际上是一个移民社区。可是,当地工业区与居民区的分割与自组织内部的老板与工人的分层共同作用,导致这个移民社区形成了不同的形态——文化联系取代了聚居。这种移民社区的形态可以称作“看不见的社区”。
[Abstract]:As part of the migration of Chinese from rural to urban areas, many minority farmers have also left their hometown and entered the urban labor market in search of job opportunities.However, most of the ethnic minorities in China live in border areas or inland mountainous areas in the form of "large mixed settlements" and "small settlements", as if they were still people.Therefore, minority farmers working in cities are less concerned by scholars.The shortage of labor in the eastern coastal areas and the unstable supply of labor force mean the need for a larger and more flexible labor force reserve.The heavy demand for temporary workers gives unskilled minority farmers the opportunity to move away from agricultural production and into factory jobs.Their cultural practices and forms of social organization may, in different circumstances, promote or hinder adaptation to this flexible labour market.Compared with the Han nationality, minority farmers may have a more far-reaching impact on the migration into the city, and their original social organization will also change or even disintegrate.However, based on historical experience, immigrants tend to form immigrant communities in cities.From the perspective of life history, this continuous process of change can be attributed to the reconstruction of life order in different places.Yi migrant workers in the Pearl River Delta have experienced such changes.In the new living environment, they formed a self-organized form of community.In return for a portion of their wages, the self-organized managers are responsible for introducing jobs to other Yi migrant workers, while providing subsistence relief in the event of unemployment.To understand the formation of self-organization, we need to consider the cultural tradition of Yi people, the personal experience of workers and bosses, and the local background of the Pearl River Delta.A long review of the history from home life helps to understand the role of social stratum differentiation and national culture within the self-organization.In the details of self-organization 's internal and external operation and individual life, it can be found that the Yi people are actually an immigrant community in the city.However, the separation of local industrial zones from residential areas and the stratification of bosses and workers within the self-organization led to the formation of different forms of -cultural connections in the immigrant communities instead of settlements.This form of immigrant community can be called "invisible community".
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.3

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