服务标准化趋势下养老机构老年人需求研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 08:59

  本文选题：标准化 + 养老机构　； 参考：《杭州师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:在全国养老机构推进服务标准化和老年人能力评估标准化的趋势和背景下,通过调查了解养老机构老年人服务需求,分析服务需求影响因素,探究不同能力等级老年人对不同类型服务的需求程度及需求结构的差异,一是帮助机构以入住老年人服务需求为导向,以标准化工作为抓手,不断改善和提升服务质量,二是从服务需方角度为国家标准《养老机构基本规范》(GB/T29353-2012)的修订提出建议。方法:(1)以国家标准《养老机构基本规范》(GB/T29353-2012)为基础,参考国内外相关文献,设计《养老机构老年人服务需求调查问卷》,其中包含基本情况12项,4个维度25项服务项目;(2)采用分层随机抽样方法,对全国9个省(市)18家养老机构中不同能力等级的687名老年人进行问卷调查;(3)采用频数、构成比等指标描述被调查老年人基本情况;采用均数、标准差、标准化得分、率等指标描述养老机构老年人服务需求现状;采用t检验、单因素方差分析、二元logistic回归分析方法探究养老机构老年人各维度服务需求的影响因素;采用均数、标准差、标准化得分、构成比等指标描述不同能力等级老年人各维度、各服务项目的需求水平,用相关性分析探究其变化规律;采用频数对老年人潜在服务需求进行归纳整理。结果:687名被调查的养老机构老年人中,功能完好244(35.5%)人、轻度失能243(35.4%)人、中度失能132(19.2%)人、重度失能68(9.89%)人,以女性、汉族、高龄、无配偶老人为主,经济情况(月平均收入2000占80.1%)和受教育情况(初中及以上学历占75.5%)相对较好。本研究结果显示,老年人对日常生活照料服务整体需求水平最低,能力等级和子女个数是其影响因素;对医疗健康服务整体需求水平较高,能力等级、婚姻状况、付费方式、子女个数是其影响因素;对休闲娱乐服务整体需求水平最高,能力等级、机构性质、年龄、入住原因“喜欢和其他老人在一起”是其影响因素;对心理慰藉服务整体需求水平较低,能力等级、年龄、付费方式、被探望次数是其影响因素。不同能力等级老年人对各维度、各项服务需求程度不同,各维度服务在总服务需求中的占比不同。养老机构老年人还存在一些国家标准《养老机构基本规范》(GB/T29353-2012)未提及的潜在服务需求。结论:(1)养老机构老年人不同维度服务需求受众多影响因素影响,其中能力等级是影响各维度服务需求的重要因素。不同能力等级老年人服务需求总程度、各维度服务需求程度、服务需求组成结构、各服务项目需求程度都有所不同,且呈现出一定的变化规律。(2)国家标准《养老机构基本规范》(GB/T29353-2012)对养老机构服务内容作出的规范提及了养老机构中的各种类型老年人需要的绝大部分服务项目,同时也仍有修订提升空间:服务项目与老人实际需求仍有差距、部分条目描述可操作性较弱、标准指导缺乏对不同类型机构之间的区别。
[Abstract]:Objective: under the trend and background of promoting the standardization of service and the ability evaluation of the elderly in the national pension institutions, we investigated the service demand of the elderly and analyzed the influencing factors of the service demand. To explore the difference in the demand degree and structure of different types of services for the elderly with different ability levels. One is to help organizations to improve and upgrade the quality of services by taking the service demand for the elderly as a guide and taking the standardization work as the starting point. Second, from the point of view of service demand, some suggestions are put forward for the revision of the national standard & basic Standard of Old-age Institution (GB / T 29353-2012). Methods on the basis of National Standard "basic Standard of Old-age institutions" (GBR / T29353-2012), and referring to relevant literature at home and abroad, A questionnaire was designed for the elderly in old-age care institutions, which included 12 items of basic information and 25 items of service items in 4 dimensions. The questionnaire was based on stratified random sampling, which included 12 items of basic information and 25 items of service items in 4 dimensions. A questionnaire survey of 687 elderly people with different abilities in 18 old-age care institutions was conducted in 9 provinces of China. The frequency and composition ratio were used to describe the basic situation of the elderly investigated, and the average, standard deviation and standardized score were used. Rate and other indicators to describe the current situation of elderly service demand in pension institutions; using t-test, single-factor variance analysis, binary logistic regression analysis method to explore the elderly pension institutions in each dimension of service demand factors, using the mean, standard deviation, Standardized score, composition ratio and other indicators to describe the different capacity levels of the elderly, the demand level of each service item, using correlation analysis to explore its changing law; using frequency to summarize the potential service needs of the elderly. Results of the 687 elderly people in the old-age care institutions surveyed, 2444 (35. 5) functionally intact, 2 43 (35. 4) mildly disabled, 132 (19. 2) moderately disabled, and 68. 89 (89. 89) severe incapacitation. Most of them were women, Han, senior citizens, and elderly people without spouses. The economic situation (average monthly income of 80.1%) and education (75.5% of junior middle school and above) are relatively good. The results show that the elderly have the lowest overall demand for daily care services, and the ability level and the number of children are the influencing factors, and the overall demand level of medical and health services is high, the ability level, marital status, payment method, and so on. The number of children is the influencing factor, the highest level of the overall demand for leisure and entertainment services, the ability level, the nature of the organization, the age, the reason for moving in "like with other old people" is the influencing factor. The overall demand level of psychological comfort service is low, ability grade, age, payment method and number of visits are the influencing factors. The elderly with different ability levels have different degree of service demand, and the proportion of each dimension service in total service demand is different. There are some potential service needs not mentioned in GB / T 29353-2012. Conclusion (1) the service demand of the elderly in different dimensions is affected by many factors, among which the ability level is an important factor affecting the service demand in each dimension. The total degree of service demand, the degree of service demand in each dimension, the composition structure of service demand, the demand degree of each service item are different from each other. In addition, there is a certain law of change. (2) the national standard "basic Standard for Old Age institutions" (GBR / T29353-2012) refers to most of the service items needed by the elderly in various types of old-age care institutions, as mentioned in the specification of the contents of the services provided by pension institutions. At the same time, there is still room for improvement: there is still a gap between the service items and the actual needs of the elderly, some descriptions are less operational, and the standard guidance lacks the difference between different types of institutions.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.6
，

本文编号：1781763