未成年人刑事司法国际准则研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 06:24

本文选题：少年司法 + 未成年人刑事司法　；参考：《大连海事大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：本文由引言、正文和结论三部分构成。引言部分通过论述未成年人刑事司法研究的重要性、当前学术中存在的两种极端化研究范式、我国未成年人刑事司法制度中存在的缺陷、未成年人刑事司法国际准则具有重大研究价值而相关研究又存在严重不足,说明了本文研究的重要意义。未成年人刑事司法国际准则研究应采用“刑事一体化”研究范式,综合运用多种研究方法。正文部分分为5章：第1章“刑事与福利之间：‘少年司法’的困境及其出路”。指出“少年司法”研究中一些主要术语的使用较为混乱,界定了这些术语的内涵,厘清了他们之间的关系,主张将未成年刑事司法适用对象主要称之为“未成年人”,将其所调整行为范畴主要称之为“严重不良行为”和“犯罪行为”,将调整未成年人这两种行为范畴的法律制度称之为“未成年人刑事司法制度”。国家亲权理论一直被奉为少年司法的基本理论,虽然它为少年司法的发展做出了巨大贡献,但是它在逻辑上和实践中存在着维护未成年人权益和侵犯未成年人权益的悖论,应根据有关国际准则对其进行改造。通过对典型国家少年司法制度的考察,指出各国的少年司法制度向来都是多元的,不存在绝对福利或刑事模式的状况,出现少年司法模式之争的根源在于将未成年人的本不同质的问题同质化。无论在逻辑上还是根据有关国际准则,都应将未成年人严重不良行为和犯罪作为一个范畴来看待。第2章“未成年人刑事司法国际准则的架构与法理”。二战前,历次国际刑罚及监狱会议所通过的有关未成年人违法犯罪问题的决议是未成年人刑事司法国际准则的肇始,它虽然存在不足和局限,但是为二战后未成年人刑事司法国际准则的形成奠定了历史性的基础。二战后未成年人刑事司法国际准则得到迅速发展,并最终形成,它由国际公约、联合国大会批准的法律文件以及联合国的有关组织和国际学术团体通过的决议组成,其内容丰富而繁杂,具有四大特征。蕴藏其中的理论主要是刑罚个别化理论和儿童权利论。第3章“未成年人刑事司法国际准则中的基本原则”。归纳分析了未成年人刑事司法国际准则中所包含的原则：处遇个别化原则、非刑化原则、教育原则、平等原则、保障未成年人诉讼权利原、专门化原则、共同参与原则等,其中对前两个原则作了重点论述。第4章“未成年人刑事司法国际准则中的重要实体制度”和第5章“未成年人刑事司法国际准则中的重要程序制度”。根据未成年人刑事司法国际准则中的重要而又特殊的规则、当前我国未成年人刑事司法中存在的缺陷,分别重点探讨了其中的八个重要实体和程序制度：未成年人刑事责任年龄制度、保护处分制度、社区矫正制度、未成年人前科消灭制度、合适成年人参与制度、社会调查制度、转处制度、未成年人恢复性司法制度等,指出了我国在这些制度方面的缺陷,并提出了相应的建构或完善建议。结论部分总结了关于未成年人刑事司法的五大基本结论：它应将严重不良行为和犯罪行为一体化、是保护与惩罚的一体化、是社会和司法的一体化、应具有多元性。我国应该以未成年人刑事司法国际准则为标准,结合我国的具体国情,制定专门的《未成年人刑事司法法》,以更好地维护违法犯罪未成年人的权益。
[Abstract]:This article is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
In the introduction, the importance of the criminal judicial study of minors, the two extreme research paradigms in the current academic study, the defects in the criminal justice system of minors in China, the international standards for juvenile criminal justice have great research value and there are serious deficiencies in the study, which illustrates the importance of this study. The research on the international norms of juvenile criminal justice should adopt the paradigm of "criminal integration", and make comprehensive use of various research methods.
The text part is divided into 5 chapters.
The first chapter "between criminal and welfare:" the dilemma and the way out of juvenile justice ". It points out that the use of some of the main terms in the study of" juvenile justice "is more confused, defines the meaning of these terms, clarifies the relationship between them, and advocates that the subject of juvenile justice is mainly referred to as" minors ". The category of adjustment is called "serious bad behavior" and "criminal act". The legal system of adjusting the two categories of minors is called "juvenile criminal justice system". The theory of national parental rights has been regarded as the basic theory of juvenile justice, although it has made great contributions to the development of juvenile justice, However, it exists in logic and practice the paradox of safeguarding the rights and interests of minors and violating the rights and interests of minors. It should be reformed according to the relevant international standards. Through the investigation of the juvenile justice system in typical countries, it is pointed out that the juvenile justice system in various countries has always been pluralistic, and there is no state of absolute welfare or criminal pattern. The root of the dispute over the juvenile justice model lies in the homogenization of the unequal problems of the minors. Both in logic and in accordance with the relevant international norms, the serious bad behavior and crime of minors should be considered as a category.
The second chapter "the framework and jurisprudence of the international norms of juvenile criminal justice". Before World War II, the resolutions on juvenile delinquency passed by the international penal and prison conferences were the beginning of the international norms of juvenile criminal justice. Although there were shortcomings and limitations, it was the international standard of criminal justice for minors after World War II. The formation of the rule laid a historical basis. After World War II, the international standards for criminal justice of minors were rapidly developed and formed. It was composed of international conventions, legal documents approved by the general assembly of the United Nations and resolutions adopted by the relevant organizations of the United Nations and international academic organizations. The contents are rich and complex and have four major features. The main theories are individualization of punishment and the theory of children's rights.
The third chapter, "the basic principles in the international norms of juvenile criminal justice", summarizes and analyzes the principles contained in the international norms of Juvenile Criminal Justice: the principle of individualization, the principle of incriminalization, the principle of education, the principle of equality, the protection of the rights of the minors, the principle of specialization and the principle of common participation, including the first two The principles are focused on.
The fourth chapter "the important entity system in the international norms of juvenile criminal justice" and the fifth chapter "the important procedural system in the international norms of juvenile criminal justice". According to the important and special rules in the international norms of juvenile criminal justice, the shortcomings of the juvenile criminal justice in our country are discussed, respectively. There are eight important entities and procedures: the age system of juvenile criminal responsibility, the system of protection and punishment, the system of community correction, the abolition system of the minor, the appropriate adult participation system, the social investigation system, the transfer system, the juvenile restorative justice system and so on, which point out the defects in these systems in our country, And put forward the corresponding construction or perfect suggestion.
The conclusion summarizes the five basic conclusions about the criminal justice of minors. It should integrate serious bad behavior and criminal behavior. It is the integration of protection and punishment. It is the integration of society and judicature. It should be pluralistic. China should take the international standards of juvenile criminal justice as the standard and combine the specific national conditions of our country. A special "juvenile criminal justice law" should be formulated to better safeguard the rights and interests of juvenile delinquency.

【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D997.9;C913.5

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