新农村建设背景下农村社区为老服务体系研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 17:59

本文选题：新农村建设 + 养老方式　；参考：《上海工程技术大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着农村社会经济的发展，农村人口老龄化高龄化严重，传统的家庭养老方式及现存的农村社会化为老服务体系不完善，从而不能满足老年人的养老需求。社会主义新农村建设的提出，为建立农村社区为老服务体系提供了新机遇，同时也提出了新的要求。因此，在新农村建设背景下对农村社区为老服务体系进行研究，具有重要的意义和价值。本文运用文献研究、调查研究、比较分析及时间序列分析等方法，以公共产品理论及社会福利社会化理论为支撑，对农村社区为老服务体系的构建展开了系统研究：首先对农村社区为老服务体系进行理论梳理。随着社会经济的发展，农村社区为老服务由传统家庭养老保障时期进入多元化发展时期，同时面临着来自农村社会人口结构、经济环境、文化环境变化带来的挑战。在社会主义新农村建设的背景下，农村社区为老服务面临新的发展机遇，应采取社会福利社会化的原则，由国家通过公共产品或准公共产品的形式进行供给。其次，本文以上海市松江区小昆山镇为例，对农村社区为老服务进行实证研究。通过问卷调查及访谈，对该地区老年人的养老现状、服务需求以及服务供给情况进行了深入了解。小昆山镇农村社区为老服务取得了一些成绩，但同时也存在家庭养老服务功能弱化、社会化为老服务供给总量不足、供给质量偏低等问题，其根本原因一方面在于国家公共产品供给制度安排存在缺陷，另一方面在于随着社会经济的发展，老年人需求不断增长但是支付能力有限。再次，基于相似的社会背景及文化背景，对东亚文化圈的农村社区为老服务进行研究，主要选取了日本、韩国以及我国台湾地区进行分析，从中得到打破城乡二元结构、完善政策及法律体系、重视农村社区为老服务的人力资源规划以及充分发挥政府、家庭、社区以及社会力量的作用等经验启示。第四，构建农村社区为老服务体系的目标模式。农村社区为老服务体系的构建应以适应农村社会经济发展、公平与效率并重、科学性与前瞻性、政策的持续性与稳定性为原则，构建四位一体的农村社区为老服务体系，为老年人提供生活照料、医疗保健、心理保健、文化娱乐、社会参与及权益保护等服务内容，以促进老龄工作目标的实现，满足老年人及其家庭的意愿。最后，本文提出了构建农村社区为老服务体系的对策建议。首先，我们需要明确家庭、社区、政府、社会在农村社区为老服务体系中需要承担的责任。其次，我们要从社会参与政策、经济收入保障政策、卫生健康政策、照料和公共服务政策四方面完善农村社区为老服务政策体系。再次，我们应加大农村社区为老服务的财政投入、人力资源供给以及机构建设投入。最后，在农村社区为老服务体系构建的过程中，我们应注意社会氛围的营造，为老服务推进的地区差异及部门职责等问题。
[Abstract]:With the development of rural society and economy, the aging and aging of the rural population is serious, and the traditional family old-age care and the existing rural social service system are not perfect, so it can not meet the needs of the elderly. The construction of the new socialist countryside provides a new opportunity for the establishment of the rural community for the old service system, and at the same time puts forward new requirements. Therefore, under the new countryside construction background, carries on the research to the countryside community for the old service system, has the important significance and the value. Based on the methods of literature research, investigation, comparative analysis and time series analysis, this paper, supported by the theory of public goods and the socialization of social welfare, has carried out a systematic study on the construction of the old service system in rural communities. First of all, the rural community for the old service system theoretical comb. With the development of social economy, the rural community has entered the diversified development period from the traditional family old-age security period. At the same time, it is facing the challenges brought by the changes of the rural social population structure, economic environment and cultural environment. Under the background of the construction of the new socialist countryside, the rural communities are faced with new development opportunities for serving the old. They should adopt the principle of socialization of social welfare and be supplied by the state through the form of public goods or quasi-public goods. Secondly, this paper takes Xiaokunshan Town, Songjiang District, Shanghai as an example to make an empirical study on the rural community serving the elderly. Through questionnaire investigation and interview, the present situation, service demand and service supply of the elderly in this area were deeply understood. Some achievements have been made in the rural community of Xiao Kunshan for the elderly, but at the same time, there are also some problems, such as the weakening of the function of the family pension service, the insufficiency of the total amount of the socialized service for the old, and the low quality of the supply, etc. The basic reason lies in the defect of the national public goods supply system on the one hand, on the other hand, with the development of social economy, the demand of the elderly is increasing constantly but the ability to pay is limited. Thirdly, based on the similar social background and cultural background, this paper studies the rural communities in East Asia cultural circle for the old service, mainly selects Japan, South Korea and Taiwan area to analyze, from which we can break the urban-rural dual structure. Improve the policy and legal system, attach importance to the rural community for the elderly human resource planning and give full play to the role of the government, family, community and social forces and other experience and inspiration. Fourth, the construction of the rural community for the old service system of the target model. The construction of the old service system in rural communities should be based on the principles of adapting to the social and economic development of rural areas, paying equal attention to fairness and efficiency, being scientific and forward-looking, and maintaining and stable policies, and constructing a four-in-one rural community as an old service system. To provide services such as life care, medical care, mental health care, cultural entertainment, social participation and protection of rights and interests for the elderly, in order to promote the realization of the goal of ageing and to meet the wishes of the elderly and their families. Finally, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to construct the rural community as the old service system. First, we need to define the responsibilities of families, communities, governments, and society in the rural community service system. Secondly, we should perfect the policy system of rural community serving for the elderly from four aspects: social participation policy, economic income guarantee policy, health policy, care policy and public service policy. Thirdly, we should increase the financial input, human resource supply and institution building investment of rural community. Finally, in the process of constructing the old service system in the rural community, we should pay attention to the construction of the social atmosphere, the regional difference and the responsibility of the department.
【学位授予单位】：上海工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C913.6;C916

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