社会科学中的还原论问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 06:48

本文选题：社会科学 + 还原论　；参考：《山西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：社会科学主要研究两类对象,一类是个体及其信念、价值、选择以及行动;另一类是国家、企业、法律、文化等社会建制或社会现象。社会层级的事物能够还原为个体及其行动吗?如若可以,这类还原当如何得以实现,在还原的过程中会遗失哪些信息?反思社会与个体这两类不同层级事物之间的关系,是还原论研究的基本旨趣。然作为一门系统性的科学,社会科学被普遍认为是反还原论的。本文并不完全赞同这样的观点。科学的有效性是以其解释的合理性为基础的,按照经验主义的立场,社会科学的解释也应该符合经验的事实,在这个意义上,还原论是具有一定的合理性的。还原论是社会科学哲学的核心议题之一,深刻反思还原论之于社会科学的适用性及其特定的适用层次和范围、探究具体的还原进路,对社会科学和科学哲学具有十分重要的理论价值。本文由引言、正文的三个专题章节、结束语五部分内容构成。引言部分主要涵盖了论文的选题意义与目的、国内外研究现状、论文的研究内容与创新点。正文的第一章梳理了还原论提出的历史背景,深入剖析了还原论的哲学内涵,从社会科学的角度对还原论进行了界定。第二章综述了社会科学领域内,还原论与反还原论在本体论、认识论、解释三个层面展开的核心争论,在此基础之上,对还原论在社会科学中的适用性进行简要的分析。第三章围绕还原论在社会科学中如何适用这一问题,介绍了还原论在社会科学中的两条解释进路。论文的结语部分,揭示了还原论对于社会科学的重要意义,指明了还原论所面临困境和发展趋势,提出了本文的立场,社会科学无法彻底摆脱还原论的影响,建议站在经验主义的立场上,减少还原论与反还原论之间无休止的争论,尝试利用多元化的研究范式来发展社会科学的方法论体系。
[Abstract]:Social science mainly studies two kinds of objects, one is individual and its belief, value, choice and action, the other is social organization or social phenomenon such as country, enterprise, law, culture and so on. Can things at the social level be restored to individuals and their actions? If so, how will such a restore be implemented, and what information will be lost during the restore process? It is the basic purport of reductionism to reflect on the relationship between society and individual. However, as a systematic science, social science is generally regarded as anti-reductionism. This article does not entirely agree with this view. The validity of science is based on the rationality of its interpretation. According to the position of empiricism, the interpretation of social science should also conform to the fact of experience. In this sense, reductionism has certain rationality. Reductionism is one of the core topics of social science philosophy. It has very important theoretical value to social science and philosophy of science. This paper consists of three chapters and five parts of concluding remarks. The preface mainly covers the significance and purpose of the thesis, the research status at home and abroad, the content and innovation of the paper. The first chapter of the text combs the historical background of reductionism, deeply analyzes the philosophical connotation of reductionism, and defines reductionism from the angle of social science. The second chapter summarizes the core debates on ontology, epistemology and explanation in the field of social science. On this basis, the applicability of reductionism in social science is analyzed briefly. The third chapter focuses on how to apply reductionism in social sciences and introduces two ways of explaining reductionism in social sciences. The conclusion of the paper reveals the significance of reductionism to social science, points out the predicament and development trend of reductionism, and puts forward the standpoint of this paper. Social science cannot completely get rid of the influence of reductionism. It is suggested that from the standpoint of empiricism, the endless controversy between reductionism and anti-reductionism should be reduced, and the methodology system of social science should be developed by using the pluralistic research paradigm.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C0

【参考文献】