建立中国性别预算的探讨

发布时间：2018-05-03 20:07

本文选题：性别预算 + 发展过程　；参考：《河北经贸大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：社会性别主流化首次提出是在1985年联合国第三次世界妇女大会上,在1995年第四次世界妇女大会上通过的《行动纲领》中再次重申了“社会性别主流化”并被各国政府认同为促进社会性别平等的全球战略,之后的许多国际文献中频繁出现“社会性别主流化”,成为世界人权和妇女解放运动中最热门的话题之一。性别预算是实现社会性别主流化的有效工具之一。性别预算并不是将政府的资金在男女两性之间进行平均分配,也不是要在预算中专门建立妇女预算,而是从性别的角度出发分析政府的财政收入和公共支出对男性和女性及男童和女童的不同影响,根据男女两性的不同需要来配置社会资源,从而更好地实现人的发展和男女平等受益。性别预算最早源于澳大利亚1984年提出的“妇女预算行动”,随后世界其他国家也逐渐开展了性别预算行动。截至2007年,世界范围内已有73个国家或地区不同程度地开展了社会性别预算项目。①我国在新中国成立时就在法律上赋予了妇女与男子在各方面的平等权力,之后又颁布了许多法律来保障妇女的权益,但是我国最早提出性别预算是1995年在北京召开的第四次世界妇女大会形成的《行动纲领》中。2001年在第九届全国政协四次会议上,时任全国妇联副主席的刘海荣在发言中建议“在国家财政预算中建立专门的性别预算,以对因社会传统、观念意识、生育、政策失误等造成的妇女发展损失进行补偿,为促进妇女发展提供资金保证”。同时,我国1998年开始的公共财政框架建设中,大力推进了预算管理制度改革,十多年来取得了巨大成绩,为我国实施性别预算提供了支持。我国一些地区已经自发地进行了性别预算的编制。2005年河北省张家口市妇联在国际行动援助中国办公室的支持下开展了国内第一个性别预算试点,2009年河南省焦作市出台文件要求编制性别预算,2010年浙江省温岭市也开始实施参与式预算,并将社会性别引入到参与式预算当中,对于推进我国性别预算的编制和实施具有重大的实践价值。通过编制性别预算,研究分析公共资源在男女两性间的享有程度及达到效果,有利于优化公共资源配置,提高公共资源使用效益,促进经济社会稳定发展,推进和谐社会建设。本研究的主要创新点：一是提出了我国财政公共化改革进程中实施性别预算的重大意义,对于性别预算的概念进行了解析。二是提出了我国实施性别预算的基本原则和基本框架,对性别预算的实施程序进行了可操作性描述。虽然本文基于一些省市实践提出了性别预算基本实施框架,但对于这一新生事物的发展壮大,还需要理论与实践界共同努力。
[Abstract]:Gender mainstreaming was first proposed at the United Nations third World Conference on Women in 1985, Reaffirming once again "gender mainstreaming" in the platform for Action adopted at the fourth World Conference on Women in 1995 and endorsed by governments as a global strategy for gender equality, Since then, gender mainstreaming has frequently appeared in many international documents, and has become one of the hottest topics in the world movement of human rights and women's liberation. Gender budgeting is one of the effective tools for gender mainstreaming. Gender budgeting does not mean the equal distribution of government funds between men and women, nor does it specifically establish a women's budget in the budget. Rather, it analyzes the different impacts of government revenue and public expenditure on men and women and boys and girls from a gender perspective, and allocates social resources according to the different needs of men and women. In order to achieve better human development and gender equality benefits. Gender budgeting originated from Australia's Women's Budget Action in 1984, and then other countries in the world gradually launched gender Budget Action. As of 2007, 73 countries or regions around the world have carried out gender budgeting projects to varying extents. When the people's Republic of China was founded, China legally empowered women and men to equal rights in all aspects. After that, many laws were promulgated to protect the rights and interests of women. However, China first proposed that the gender budget was in the "platform for Action" formed by the fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in 1995. At the fourth session of the Ninth National Committee of the Chinese people's political Consultative Conference in 2001, Liu Hairong, then vice president of the All-China Women's Federation, suggested in his speech that "a special gender budget should be set up in the state budget to compensate for the loss of women's development caused by social traditions, ideology, fertility, policy mistakes, etc." Financial guarantees for the promotion of women's development "... At the same time, in the construction of the public finance framework started in 1998, the reform of the budget management system has been vigorously promoted, and great achievements have been made in the past ten years, which has provided support for the implementation of gender budgeting in our country. In some regions of China, gender budgeting has been carried out spontaneously. In 2005, the Women's Federation of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, with the support of the China Office of International Action Assistance, launched the first pilot gender budget in China, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province in 2009. In 2010, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province, began to implement a participatory budget. The introduction of gender into participatory budgeting is of great practical value in promoting the compilation and implementation of gender budgeting in China. By compiling gender budget and analyzing the enjoyment degree and effect of public resources between men and women, it is helpful to optimize the allocation of public resources, improve the efficiency of using public resources, promote the stable development of economy and society, and promote the construction of harmonious society. The main innovations of this study are as follows: first, the significance of implementing gender budgeting in the process of public finance reform in China is put forward, and the concept of gender budget is analyzed. The second is to put forward the basic principles and basic framework of implementing gender budget in our country, and to describe the implementation procedure of gender budget operationally. Although this paper puts forward the basic implementation framework of gender budgeting based on the practice of some provinces and cities, the development of this new thing needs the joint efforts of the theory and practice circles.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.68

【引证文献】