“市”说新语—清末民初朱家角镇的地方社会结构

发布时间：2018-05-10 05:10

本文选题：江南市镇 + 公共性　；参考：《上海大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：本文基于对市镇研究的反思展开。笔者总结多年来市镇研究的成果发现：市镇作为一个相对独立和具有自主性的地方社会单位在目前的研究中没有得到足够的重视。因此，本文选取清末民初的朱家角镇作为研究对象，对其社会历史与空间图景、地方社会的结构、结构的运作模式等几个问题进行研究。在此一时期，尽管国家动荡不安，资本主义不断入侵，但朱家角镇依然依赖于地方自治维持了秩序稳定，甚至还实现了经济的进一步发展。本文也因此认为，传统中国江南地区的市镇，是一个公共领域发展相对成熟，公共物品供给相对充分，具有相当自主性的共同体（或社区）。本文的研究表明：在清末民初这一中国历史的转换阶段，这种公共性的供给主体经历了从传统士绅向现代绅商的转变。在传统帝国时期，作为社会精英的士绅起着沟通国家与社会，并相互间协调完成对社会秩序的维护工作。但这一状态到清末民初时期发生了改变，科举的废除、以及帝制的崩溃都使得士绅面临结构性转型，而商人的力量却在资本主义经济体系影响下逐步扩张，这样的变化使得地方社会结构表现出一些新的特征。新兴的商业精英阶层以社团为基础，通过在地方社会公共领域内组织各种活动，团结起社会中的各种力量，由此形成稳定的社会组织结构。这一结构不仅维持了社会秩序的稳定，还促进了资本主义经济的增长，一些市镇也因此达到了发展的鼎盛阶段。本文也因此从社会精英入手分析他们在公共领域内的状态以及运作地方社会的模式。由此发现：新兴的商业精英继承了原有士绅的社会与文化价值，传统的公私观念和道德观念依然作用于他们身上。也就是说，，在清末民初的这一时期，适应了资本主义经济体系的商人精英继承了传统士绅在社会结构中的作用，地方社会结构没有出现实质性改变，社会秩序也因此没有出现混乱。反而是此后的国家权力向基层的渗透，导致了地方社会的失序。由此，笔者对多年来中国公共领域的研究作出反思：在清末民初时期中国社会的确出现了公共领域的活跃，不过研究这一问题的关键在于认清精英们运作一个地方社会的过程。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on the reflection of the town research. The author summarizes the results of many years' research on the town and finds that the town as a relatively independent and autonomous local social unit has not been paid enough attention to in the present research. Therefore, this paper selects Zhujiajiao Town in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China as the research object, and studies its social history and space picture, the structure of local society, the operation mode of structure and so on. In this period, despite the state unrest and the constant invasion of capitalism, the town of Zhujiajiao still depended on local autonomy to maintain order and stability, and even realized the further development of economy. Therefore, the traditional town in the south of the Yangtze River in China is a community (or community) with relatively mature development of public domain, adequate supply of public goods and considerable autonomy. The research of this paper shows that in the transition stage of Chinese history from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China, this public supply subject has undergone a transformation from the traditional gentry to the modern gentry and merchants. In the period of the traditional empire, the gentry, as the social elite, communicated the state and society, and coordinated the maintenance of social order. However, this state changed in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China. The abolition of the imperial examination and the collapse of the monarchy made the gentry face structural transformation, while the strength of the businessmen gradually expanded under the influence of the capitalist economic system. This change makes the local social structure show some new characteristics. The new business elite is based on the community and forms a stable social organization structure by organizing various activities in the public sphere of the local society and uniting various forces in the society. This structure not only maintained the stability of social order, but also promoted the growth of capitalist economy. Therefore, this paper analyzes their state in the public sphere and the mode of running local society from the social elite. It was found that the new business elite inherited the social and cultural values of the original gentry, and the traditional public and private concepts and moral concepts still acted on them. That is to say, in the period of the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the elite businessmen who adapted to the capitalist economic system inherited the role of the traditional gentry in the social structure, and there was no substantial change in the local social structure. As a result, there was no confusion in the social order. Instead, the infiltration of state power to the grassroots led to the disorder of local society. Therefore, the author reflects on the research on the public sphere in China for many years: in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the Chinese society did appear to be active in the public sphere, but the key to study this problem is to recognize the process of the elite operating a local society.
【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C912.4

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