安徽省某农村地区儿童忽视和影响因素的两年随访研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 16:44

本文选题：儿童忽视 + 随访研究　；参考：《安徽医科大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的探析安徽省长丰县某农村地区儿童忽视的纵向发展趋势,阐述不同人口学特征分组的儿童(如不同性别、是否有兄弟姐妹、父母是否离婚、不同留守状态等)忽视的特点和在随访中的变化趋势;对儿童忽视的影响因素进行分析,以此为儿童忽视的预防和干预提供根据。方法本课题组以安徽省长丰县的某农村地区为研究现场,采用整群抽样的方法抽取长丰县该农村地区的5所小学和3所初中,在所抽取的学校中将全部3-9年级的学生纳入基线调查时的对象,于2009年12月使用课题组的自编问卷对调查对象进行调查。以基线调查时的3、4和7年级学生进行随访调查的对象,使用与基线调查时相同的问卷,在2010年12月和2011年12月各随访一次。采用广义估计方程模型的方法探析儿童忽视的影响因素。结果本次随访研究表明儿童忽视的检出率分别为67.8%,56.6%和57.7%,三次调查忽视检出率的差异有统计学意义。在随访调查中,有33.3%(272/816)的研究对象一直处于忽视状态,有12.9%(105/816)的儿童在随访调查中均未检出忽视,基线调查时检出忽视的553人中有106人(19.2%)在随访中未检出忽视,在基线时未检出忽视的263人中有158人(60.1%)在随访过程中检出忽视。男性和女性儿童忽视检出率的差异只在基线调查时有统计学意义,女生的忽视检出率低于男生;三次调查中,忽视组和非忽视组儿童年龄分布的差异无统计学意义;是否为独生子女的儿童忽视检出率的差异在随访调查时均有统计学意义,有兄弟姐妹的儿童忽视检出率高于独生子女儿童;除第一次随访调查外,父母离婚的儿童与父母未离婚的儿童之间忽视的检出率有统计学差异,父母离婚的儿童忽视的检出率高于父母未离婚的儿童;留守儿童忽视的检出率高于非留守儿童,且在两次的随访调查中都有统计学差异。广义估计方程模型的结果表明,年龄大、生活质量高、积极的应对方式是儿童忽视的保护因素,男性、有兄弟姐妹、父母离婚、留守、家庭功能重度障碍、消极应对方式是儿童忽视的危险因素。而在家庭人均年收入、焦虑、抑郁、自尊方面,未观察到与儿童忽视之间存在关联。结论本研究表明安徽省长丰县农村儿童的忽视检出率呈下降趋势,不同亚组的儿童忽视检出率在随访过程中呈现不同的特征,儿童忽视与儿童的性别、年龄、有兄弟姐妹、父母离婚、留守、家庭功能、生活质量、应对方式等因素有关。家庭、学校、社会等应当采取措施,预防和降低儿童忽视的发生,使儿童健康成长。
[Abstract]:Objective to explore the longitudinal development trend of neglect of children in a rural area of Changfeng County, Anhui Province, and to explain whether children with different demographic characteristics (such as different genders, brothers and sisters, parents divorced or not) have different demographic characteristics. In order to provide basis for prevention and intervention of child neglect, the characteristics of neglect and the tendency of change in follow-up were analyzed, and the influencing factors of child neglect were analyzed in order to provide evidence for prevention and intervention of child neglect. Methods A rural area in Changfeng County of Anhui Province was used as the research site. Five primary schools and three junior middle schools in Changfeng County were selected by cluster sampling. In the selected schools, all the students in grades 3-9 were included in the baseline survey. In December 2009, the self-designed questionnaire of the research group was used to investigate the subjects. Using the same questionnaire as the baseline survey students in grade 3 and grade 7 were followed up in December 2010 and December 2011 respectively. The influence factors of child neglect were analyzed by using the generalized estimation equation model. Results this follow-up study showed that the detection rate of children neglect was 67.8% and 57.6% respectively. There was significant difference in the detection rate of neglect among the three surveys. In the follow-up survey, 33. 3 / 272 / 816) of the subjects were in a state of neglect, 12. 9 / 105 / 816 of the children were not found to be neglected in the follow-up survey, and 106 of the 553 people who were found to have been neglected in the baseline survey were not found to have been neglected during the follow-up. Of 263 people who did not detect neglect at baseline, 158 were found to be neglected during follow-up. The difference of the prevalence rate of neglect between male and female children was statistically significant only in baseline survey, and the prevalence rate of neglect in girls was lower than that in boys, and there was no significant difference in the age distribution of children between neglect group and non-neglect group in three surveys. The difference in the prevalence of neglect among children with only child was statistically significant at the time of follow-up, and the prevalence rate of neglect in children with siblings was higher than that in children with only one child; except for the first follow-up survey, There was statistical difference between the children whose parents divorced and the children whose parents were not divorced. The rate of neglect of children divorced by parents was higher than that of children without divorce, and the rate of neglect of children left behind was higher than that of children who were not left behind. There were statistical differences in the two follow-up surveys. The results of the generalized estimation equation model show that older age, higher quality of life, positive coping style are the protective factors that children neglect, male, siblings, parents divorce, stay behind, family dysfunction, Negative coping style is the risk factor of children's neglect. No association was observed between annual income, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem. Conclusion this study shows that the prevalence rate of neglect among rural children in Changfeng County of Anhui Province is decreasing. The prevalence rate of child neglect in different subgroups shows different characteristics during follow-up. Children neglect and children's sex, age, brothers and sisters have different characteristics. Parents divorce, stay behind, family function, quality of life, coping style and other factors. Family, school, society and so on should take measures to prevent and reduce the occurrence of child neglect, so that children grow up healthily.
【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.5

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