论社会科学的两类研究范式——可通约性与不可通约性

发布时间：2018-05-30 01:20

本文选题：社会科学 + 主-客认知模式　；参考：《湖南社会科学》2013年03期

【摘要】：自19世纪以来,自然科学在人类知识体系中取得了绝对的优势地位,而社会科学相对遭到冷遇。在当代中国,这一现象往往表现为社会科学家在面对自然科学家时所呈现的集体失语状态。就知识结构层面而言,一方面可能是由于文理分科所导致的大部分社会科学工作者不懂自然科学所致;另一方面同样存在自然科学工作者对人文社会科学知识没有给予应有的重视。这一局面的形成还有一个深层的哲学根源,那就是"主客二分"的认识模式长期主宰着人类思维方式所致。自然科学以自然物质现象为研究对象,强调主体对物质世界规律的认识与把握,完整地体现了这一认识模式,因而在人类知识体系中占据了绝对的优势地位;而社会科学因其研究对象的复杂性、不确定性,研究主体的多样性,互为性,从而在这一认识框架下被边缘化。要重新确立社会科学的"科学"地位,必须冲破主客二元的认识模式,认识到社会科学研究存在可通约和不可通约的两种范式,也就是要看到社会科学与实证的自然科学之间的区别,让社会科学遵循自己的模式来处理自己的问题,摆脱唯科学主义的束缚甚至奴役,以一种更为开放的心态来构建当代科学概念,这对于我们坚定中国特色社会主义理想具有十分重要的理论意义。
[Abstract]:Since the 19 th century, the natural science has obtained the absolute superiority position in the human knowledge system, but the social science receives the relative cold welcome. In contemporary China, this phenomenon is often reflected in the collective aphasia of social scientists in the face of natural scientists. As far as the knowledge structure is concerned, on the one hand, it may be due to the fact that most of the social scientists do not understand the natural sciences because of the division of arts and sciences. On the other hand, natural science workers do not pay due attention to the knowledge of humanities and social sciences. There is also a deep philosophical root in the formation of this situation, that is, the "subject and object" mode of understanding has long dominated the way of human thinking. The natural science takes the natural material phenomenon as the research object, emphasizes the subject's understanding and grasps the law of the material world, which reflects this cognition pattern completely, thus occupies the absolute superiority position in the human knowledge system; Social science is marginalized under this framework because of its complexity, uncertainty, diversity and mutuality of research subjects. In order to re-establish the status of "science" in social science, we must break through the dualistic cognition model of subject and object, and realize that there are two paradigms in social science research, that is, universal and irreconcilable. That is, to see the difference between the social sciences and the empirical natural sciences, to let the social sciences follow their own model to deal with their own problems, to get rid of the bondage and even enslavement of scientism. It is of great theoretical significance for us to strengthen the ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics to construct the concept of contemporary science with a more open mind.
【作者单位】：国防科技大学人文与社会科学学院人文系;
【基金】：2010年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(编号10JJD710014):马克思人本思想与当代中国核心价值重构研究湖南省社科基金项目(编号10YBA204):马克思本体论批判的逻辑进路及其当代启示;南华大学“马克思主义政治哲学及其应用”创新团队研究成果
【分类号】：C06

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