自组织城市新论

发布时间：2018-05-30 11:49

本文选题：城市 + 自组织城市　；参考：《山西大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：城市是人类创造的最伟大自组织作品之一,是人类社会发展到一定阶段的自组织产物,它一经出现就占据了人类活动的主导地位,其演化发展是人类社会文明进步的基本标志。如何在城市化发展的长河中,真正认识到人类与城市的关系,如何在最大程度上满足自身需要又符合自然规律,是我们研究城市发展演变规律的重要目的。本论文希望通过对于自组织城市的研究来改变人们对城市的态度,并希望在此基础上对现行的城市发展思路和发展模式进行检讨和反省,在认识到城市复杂性的同时,树立自组织的城市发展观,为城市的有机动态规划与健康有序发展提供指导,并最终影响人们的行动。所谓城市自组织,是指城市作为一个自然-社会复合系统,大尺度上的形成与演化主要不是人类自觉意志作用的结果,而是在内外多种因素的共同作用之下,自主、自发、自然的过程。开展和加强自组织城市研究,具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义。其理论意义主要表现为：将自组织理论研究延伸到城市演化领域,不但可以横向拓展其适用领域,还可以使其在与城市研究相结合中不断丰富、完善和发展,使其成为具有更广泛应用领域和普遍意义的重要理论、观点和方法；将自组织理论研究延伸到城市演化领域,并从系统哲学的视角构建自组织城市理论体系既有助于我们系统、全面地认识城市,也有助于城市理论的丰富、完善和发展。其现实意义主要体现在：从系统哲学角度整合自组织理论与城市发展研究,有助于将自组织、自创造等新观念更好、更系统地贯彻到城市规划、建设和管理、城市发展目标设计以及城市行政政策制定等过程之中；通过对自组织理论的研究和应用,使城市系统内的各个构成要素能够在非线性相互作用的驱使之下自动、自发地形成有序结构,从而为解决目前城市中存在的一系列社会问题提供解决思路与方法指导。本论文以自组织哲学为指导,充分借鉴了中国传统哲学、西方科学哲学、自组织理论以及中外城市理论等领域的研究成果,运用历史研究、跨学科研究、系统研究、比较分析以及实证研究等方法就城市的自组织演变及其典型案例展开了较为系统的研究。在分析论证的基础上提出了以城市形成的自发性、城市演化的非他律性、城市自组织演化的根本动力是人类特有的创造性活动为其核心观点的一种新的城市发展观——自组织城市新论。本论文的基本内容体现为论文的七章。第一章绪论,主要介绍了研究的背景、目的、意义、方法以及论文的重点、难点和创新点。第二章相关概念及其比较研究,从理论和实践两个方面分析比较了自组织与他组织、城市自组织与城市他组织、城市自组织与自组织城市,从城市具有开放性、非平衡性、非线性以及存在着涨落等方面分析论证了城市是一个典型的耗散系统的观点,并简要分析论述了城市的自组织过程。第三章相关理论研究综述,首先分析了城市与城市理论,简要梳理了中外城市理论的历史演变,分析介绍了田园城市理论、有机城市理论、生态城市理论、可持续发展城市理论、山水城市理论、数字城市理论、全球城市理论、城市治理理论、健康城市理论、学习型城市理论等典型城市理论的基本观点,特别是分析了这些理论所揭示出来的城市自组织特性。其次梳理了自组织理论的发展历史,简要介绍了耗散结构理论、协同学、混沌理论、分形理论、超循环论等典型自组织理论。最后梳理了国内外自组织城市理论的研究进展,简要分析了耗散城市理论(Dissipative Cities)、协同城市理论(Synergetic Cities)、混沌城市理论(Chaotic Cities)、分形城市理论(Fractal Cities)、细胞城市理论(CellularCities,或译“元胞城市”)、沙堆城市理论(Sand pileCities)以及FACS和IRN城市理论等自组织城市理论。第四章自组织城市形成的自发性研究,从理论和实践两个方面分析论证了自组织城市新论的第一个假设——城市的形成不是由“谁”从外部“规划设计”和“他组织”的,而是人类通过自己的实践创造活动自发形成的结果。第五章自组织城市演变的非他律性研究,从理论和实践两个方面分析论证了自组织城市新论的第二个假设——城市的发展演变不是特定外界指令作用的结果,不是受某种意志支配的他组织过程,而是在各种因素的综合作用下,基于城市中的各个个体、群体、组织生存发展的实际需求,不断修正调整自身发展目标而逐步展开的,城市发展演变的进程不在人们的预期之中,即城市演变具有非他律性。第六章自组织城市发展的根本动力研究,从理论和实践两个方面分析论证了自组织城市发展新论的第三个假设——城市自组织发展的根本动力不是人类自觉的他组织活动,也不可能是自然的力量,而是来自于人类所特有的突破传统的创造性活动。城市系统形成的自发性与演化的非他律性构成了自组织城市的内在机制,在这一点上城市系统与自然系统并没有根本区别。两者的不同主要在于导致自己自发性起源和非他律性演化的动力构成：自然系统的自组织主要取决系统内部各组成要素之间错综复杂的非线性相互作用所形成的序参量；而城市系统的自组织则主要源于系统内部包括人在内的各组成要素之间错综复杂的非线性相互作用所形成的“合力”。人是城市的主体,是城市系统的主要组成要素,人的活动是推动城市发展的主导性力量。人的活动可以划分为创造性活动和再造性活动,前者是导致城市自组织发展的根本动力,后者是决定城市他组织发展的主要力量。在分析证明了城市系统总体上或大尺度上呈现出明显的自组织特性之后,我们得到的结论只能是：创造是城市自组织的根本动力。第七章自组织城市新论之案例分析,分别选取了中国的阆中和意大利的威尼斯这两个自组织城市的典型案例,运用自组织城市新论的三个假设简要分析论证了她们自发形成和非他律性演变的历史,希望以此印证自组织城市理论及其相关理念的科学性与合理性。
[Abstract]:City is one of the greatest self organized works created by human beings. It is the self organizing product of the development of human society to a certain stage. It occupies the dominant position of human activities as soon as it appears. Its evolution and development is the basic symbol of the progress of civilization of human society. How to realize the relationship between human and city in the long river of urbanization development It is an important purpose for us to study the law of urban development and evolution. This paper hopes to change the attitude of people to the city through the study of self organized city, and hope to review and reflect on the current urban development thinking and development model on this basis. While recognizing the complexity of the city, a self-organized concept of urban development provides guidance for the organic dynamic planning and healthy development of the city, and ultimately affects people's actions.
The so-called city self-organization refers to the city as a natural and social complex system, the formation and evolution of the large scale is not the result of human voluntary will, but the process of autonomy, spontaneity and nature under the joint action of various internal and external factors. It is of great theoretical significance to carry out and strengthen the study of self organized cities. Its theoretical significance is mainly as follows: extending the study of self-organization theory to the field of urban evolution can not only expand its application field horizontally, but also enrich, improve and develop in the combination with urban research, and make it an important theory with wider scope and universal significance. It extends the study of self-organization theory to the field of urban evolution, and constructs a self-organizing urban theory from the perspective of system philosophy, which is helpful to both our system, the comprehensive understanding of the city, and the enrichment, perfection and development of the urban theory. Its practical significance is mainly embodied in the integration of the theory of self-organization and the city from the perspective of system philosophy. Development research helps to make the new concepts such as self-organization and self creation better and more systematically into the process of urban planning, construction and management, the design of urban development goals and the formulation of urban administrative policies. By the research and application of the theory of self-organization, the various elements in the urban system can interact with each other in the nonlinear interaction. Under the drive, we can automatically and spontaneously form an orderly structure, so as to provide solutions and guidance for solving a series of social problems in the city.
With the guidance of self organizing philosophy, this paper fully draws on the research achievements of Chinese traditional philosophy, western philosophy of science, self-organization theory and Chinese and foreign urban theory, and uses historical research, interdisciplinary research, systematic research, comparative analysis and empirical research on the self-organization evolution of the city and its typical cases. On the basis of the analysis and demonstration, the spontaneity of urban formation and the non heteronomy of urban evolution are put forward on the basis of analysis and demonstration. The fundamental motive force of urban self-organization evolution is a new concept of urban development, a new theory of urban development, which is the core of human unique creative activities - self organized city.
The basic content of this paper is the seven chapter of the thesis. The first chapter is introduction, which mainly introduces the background, purpose, significance, method, key points, difficulties and innovation points of the thesis. The second chapter related concepts and their comparative studies, and compare the self-organization and his organization, urban self-organization and urban organization from two aspects of theory and practice. Urban self-organization and self-organizing City, from the aspects of the city's openness, non balance, nonlinearity and the existence of fluctuation, the city is a typical dissipative system, and the self organization process of the city is briefly analyzed and discussed. The third chapters of the related theories are summarized, first of all, the theory of City and city is analyzed, and the brief analysis is made. The historical evolution of urban theory in China and foreign countries was combed, and the basic views of typical urban theories, such as the theory of pastoral City, the theory of organic City, the theory of ecological city, the theory of sustainable development, the theory of landscape city, the theory of digital city, the theory of the global city, the theory of urban governance, the theory of urban governance, the theory of healthy cities, the theory of learning city and so on, were analyzed and introduced. Secondly, it analyzes the self organization characteristics of the cities revealed by these theories. Secondly, it combs the history of the development of self-organization theory, briefly introduces the theory of dissipative structure, synergetics, chaos theory, fractal theory, super cycle theory and other typical self-organization theories. Finally, the research progress of self-organized city theory at home and abroad is combed, and the consumption is briefly analyzed. Dissipative Cities, collaborative city theory (Synergetic Cities), chaotic city theory (Chaotic Cities), Fractal City Theory (Fractal Cities), cell city theory (CellularCities, or translation "cell city"), sandpile city theory (Sand pileCities) and FACS and urban theory of self organized city theory, Fourth The spontaneous study of the formation of the self organized city is the first hypothesis of the new theory of self organizing cities from two aspects of theory and practice - the formation of the city is not from "who" from the external "planning and design" and "his organization", but the result of the spontaneous formation of human beings through their own practice creation. The fifth chapter is self-organized. The study of the non heteronomy of the evolution of the city of weave city analyses and demonstrates the second hypotheses of the new theory of self organized cities from two aspects of theory and practice - the development and evolution of the city is not the result of the specific external instruction, not the organizational process dominated by a will, but under the comprehensive effect of various factors and based on the various cities. The process of urban development and evolution is not in the expectation of people, that is, the evolution of urban development is not heteronomy. The sixth chapter studies the fundamental motive force of the development of the urban development, and analyzes and demonstrates the self-organization from two aspects of theory and practice. The third hypothesis of the new theory of urban development -- the fundamental motive force of the urban self-organization development is not the human self-conscious organizational activity, nor the natural force, but from the unique creative activities of the human being. The spontaneous and evolutionary non heteronomy of the urban system forms the inner part of the self organized city. There is no fundamental difference between the urban system and the natural system at this point. The difference between the two is mainly due to the dynamic formation of their spontaneous and non heteronomy evolution: the self-organization of the natural system mainly depends on the sequence parameters formed by the intricate and non linear interaction among the components of the system; The self-organization of the city system is mainly derived from the "resultant force" formed by the complex nonlinear interaction among the elements including human beings. Human is the main body of the city, the main component of the urban system, and the human activity is the leading force to promote the development of the city. The former is the fundamental motive force of urban self-organization development, and the latter is the main force that determines the development of the city's organization. After the analysis shows that the urban system on the overall or large scale shows obvious self organizational characteristics, we can only get the conclusion that creation is the fundamental motive force of urban self-organization. Seventh From the case analysis of the new theory of the city, this paper selects the typical cases of two self-organizing cities in Langzhong and Italy in Italy, and uses the three hypotheses of the new theory of self organized cities to demonstrate their spontaneous and non heteronomy history. The scientificity and reasonableness of the idea.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C912.81

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