基督教信仰对妇女婚姻满意感之影响

发布时间：2018-05-31 01:35

本文选题：基督徒 + 妇女　；参考：《华东师范大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：上海的离婚率在过去20年中攀升了7倍,其中70%的离婚诉讼由女性提出；另一方面,1993年以来走进宗教的中国基督徒占信徒总数的73.4%,其中69%为女性。2008年作者受上海市妇联委托所做的调查显示,妇女信教之后与配偶关系的满意感明显提高；在此基础上作者试图深化妇女、宗教与婚姻的关系,于是开展了本研究。本研究采用问卷调查的量化研究和深度访谈的质性研究探讨基督教信仰对妇女的婚姻满意感的影响。问卷调查部分采用自编问卷和已有量表,评估基督徒妇女(N=279)与非基督徒妇女(N=105)的婚姻满意感、婚姻质量、亲密关系与冲突程度；质性研究部分采取半结构式访谈并以扎根理论进行资料分析。深度访谈对象包括上海市的15位基督徒与9位非基督徒妇女。量的研究主要有四方面的发现：1)基督徒妇女信教年数越长婚姻满意感越高；2)基督教妇女受教育程度越高婚姻满意感越低；3)基督徒妇女婚姻满意感显著高于非基督徒妇女；4)基督徒妇女婚姻满意感最低的相关因素是冲突处理、休闲娱乐和性关系。信教5年以下的基督徒妇女婚姻满意感与非基督徒妇女的差异不大。但是,信教10年以上的基督徒妇女婚姻满意感却在六个维度上显著提高,包括男女角色、子女教养、姻亲关系、金钱管理、冲突处理和感受关爱。质的分析进一步发现,这些提高主要来自妇女信教之后,在认知层面发生改变,或者深层心理需求得到满足,因此婚姻满意感提高。基督教信仰经由上帝作为“父亲”角色与会友作为“兄弟姐妹”角色所提供的温暖家庭氛围,类同于长期团体心理治疗,满足了妇女感受关爱与归属感的需求,对童年依恋创伤有治疗的效果,这是积极影响基督徒妇女婚姻满意感最关键的心理因素。另一方面的影响来自于认知层面的改变,主要是圣经对女性家庭角色的积极赋义。妇女信教后开始重视夫妻关系胜于与孩子的关系,并厘清原生家庭与核心家庭的界线,这些变化可以促进她们对于夫妻关系、子女教养与姻亲关系满意感的提高。其次,她们的人生观与金钱观从重视今生变成重视永恒,愿意接受一些今生的损失以换取将来的奖赏,再加上归因思维的变化——视苦难为化妆的祝福,这些认知层面的改变扩展了妇女对金钱管理和冲突处理的包容度,也间接带来了婚姻满意感的提高。基督徒妇女的学历与婚姻满意感呈负相关,教育程度越高,婚姻满意感越低,主要是认知层次的问题。学历大专或以上的基督徒妇女在金钱管理、姻亲关系和家务分配三个维度的满意感显著低于大专以下学历的基督徒妇女,只有休闲娱乐的满意感高于大专以下妇女。访谈发现,当高学历、高收入的妇女遇上收入不及她们的丈夫时,她们对金钱管理的满意感特别低。并非出于经济需要,而是女性需要被男性呵护与照顾的心理需求得不到满足。另外,高学历妇女想要在事业上一展所长而又面对家庭与孩子的责任难以兼顾时,丈夫若不能提供支持,则对家务分配不公平的怨言增加。高学历妇女工作压力相对较大,家务和孩子一般需依赖长辈的帮助才能兼顾,因此,姻亲关系是这些妇女无可回避的一项挑战。因此,高学历基督徒妇女在姻亲关系和家务分配两个维度上满意感较低。休闲娱乐的满意感较高则可能与经济资源较丰有关。信教5年以上的高学历基督徒妇女婚姻满意感也显著提高,信教10年以上的高学历妇女婚姻满意感又有一个飞跃。信教时间越长,妇女婚姻满意感越高的原因,主要是妇女受教会的影响而带来的认知改变不是强制的,乃是在教会的角色教诲、信徒的榜样与相互影响之下,耳濡目染,渐渐改变。针对大专或以上学历的基督徒与非基督徒妇女的比较结果如下：基督徒妇女婚姻满意感显著高于非基督徒妇女。在感受关爱、男女角色和子女教养三个维度她们的满意感显著高于非基督徒妇女。感受关爱方面,基督徒妇女除了夫妻之间家庭的关爱,还享有更多关爱的来源,包括上帝的关爱与会友的关爱,因此扩充与强化了她们的社会支持。男女角色方面,基督徒妇女的性别角色传统观念的比例较高,家庭主妇比例也较高,基督教教义对男女角色的定位也减少了妇女婚姻中的冲突,因此基督徒妇女比非基督徒妇女满意感高。在子女教养方面,基督徒妇女把夫妻关系置于亲子关系之上,符合家庭治疗的概念,对中国“父子轴”概念的文化是一个很好的突破与平衡,对妇女婚姻满意感的提高有所助益。消极因素方面,基督徒妇女婚姻满意感最低的维度为冲突处理、休闲娱乐和性关系。访谈也发现,部分妇女在“尊重丈夫、顺服丈夫”的教育之下,压抑了自我的需求以回避冲突,结果对问题解决没有帮助,反而破坏了双方的亲密关系。休闲娱乐的满意感较低,可能因为基督徒妇女高度卷入教会活动中,减少了家庭和个体休闲娱乐的时间。性关系满意感较低,在访谈中却极少被提及,显示这是基督徒比较回避的主题。结论,本研究发现基督教信仰对妇女婚姻满意感的影响主要体现在两方面：认知方面,圣经的性别角色观与家庭观对妇女进入婚姻后所面临的性别角色调适赋予积极意义,有助于婚姻满意感的提高；深层心理需求方面,上帝作为一个新的照顾者,提供了新的安全依恋,有助于治疗妇女的童年创伤。同时,教会聚会所提供的归属感与社会支持相当于团体心理治疗,也提高了妇女的婚姻满意感。因此,基督徒妇女的婚姻满意感高于非基督徒妇女。但改变需要时间,所以信教时间与妇女的婚姻满意感呈正相关。高学历妇女对婚姻期望较高、工作压力较大,因此,基督徒妇女的受教育程度与婚姻满意感呈负相关。至于基督徒妇女婚姻中最不满意的因素,主要是回避冲突、缺乏休闲娱乐和性关系。
[Abstract]:Shanghai ' s divorce rate has climbed 7 times over the last 20 years , of which 70 % of divorce proceedings are filed by women ;
On the other hand , Chinese Christians who entered the religion since 1993 accounted for 73.4 % of the total believers , 69 % of whom were women . In 2008 , the author was commissioned by Shanghai Women ' s Federation to show that the satisfaction of the relationship between women and spouses was significantly improved .
On that basis , the author tried to deepen the relationship between women , religion and marriage , and then carried out the study .

In this study , the effects of Christian faith on women ' s marital satisfaction were investigated by means of quantitative research and deep interview . The questionnaires were used to assess the marital satisfaction , marital quality , intimate relationship and conflict degree of Christian women ( N = 279 ) and non - Christian women ( N = 105 ) .
The qualitative research part adopts semi - structured interview and carries on the data analysis with the root theory . The depth interview object includes 15 Christians in Shanghai and 9 non - Christian women .

There are four main findings in this study : 1 ) The higher the number of Christian women , the higher the satisfaction of marriage ;
2 ) The higher the educational level of Christian women , the lower the feeling of satisfaction ;
3 ) The satisfaction of Christian women ' s marriage was significantly higher than that of non - Christian women ;
4 ) The lowest correlation factor among Christian women ' s marital satisfaction is conflict management , leisure entertainment and sexual relations .

There is little difference between Christian women ' s marital satisfaction and non - Christian women under the age of 5 years . However , more than 10 years of Christian woman ' s marriage satisfaction has improved significantly in six dimensions , including the roles of men and women , children ' s upbringing , marriage , money management , conflict management and feelings of care .

Through God ' s role of " father " and " brothers and sisters " as " brothers and sisters " , the Christian faith is similar to long - term group psychotherapy , which meets the needs of women ' s feeling of love and belonging , and has the effect of treating childhood attachment trauma , which is the most critical psychological factor that positively affects the satisfaction of Christian women ' s marriage .

On the other hand , the influence comes from the change of cognitive level , which is mainly the positive meaning of the Bible ' s role in female family .

There is a negative correlation between women ' s educational background and marital satisfaction , the higher the degree of education , the lower the feeling of satisfaction of marriage , which is mainly the cognitive level .

Over the past five years , more than five years of high - education - educated Christian women have been more satisfied with their marital satisfaction , and more than 10 years of higher education have a leap in marriage satisfaction . The longer the teaching time , the higher the satisfaction of women ' s marriage , the greater the influence of women ' s marriage is not compulsory , but in the teaching of the role of the church , the role models and mutual influence of the followers , which gradually change .

The results of the comparison of Christian and non - Christian women for college or above are as follows : The Christian woman ' s satisfaction with marriage is significantly higher than that of non - Christian women . Their satisfaction is significantly higher than that of non - Christian women in the sense of caring , the role of men and women and the upbringing of their children .

Christian women are more satisfied with their social support than non - Christian women . Christian women are more satisfied with the role of men and women than non - Christian women . In the upbringing of their children , Christian women are more satisfied with the roles of men and women . In the upbringing of their children , Christian women have a good breakthrough and balance on the concept of " father and child " , which is beneficial to the improvement of women ' s marital satisfaction .

In terms of negative factors , the lowest level of marital satisfaction among Christian women is conflict management , leisure entertainment and sexual relations . The interview also found that some women , under the education of " respect for husbands and obedience husbands " , suppressed their own needs to avoid conflicts , but instead destroyed the intimate relations of both sides . The satisfaction of leisure and entertainment was low , and it was possible to reduce the time of family and individual leisure and recreation because of the high involvement of Christian women in church activities .

Conclusion : This study shows that the influence of Christian faith on women ' s marital satisfaction is mainly embodied in two aspects : cognitive aspect , the gender role of the Bible and the family view , the gender role adapting to women after entering into marriage is positive , which helps to improve the satisfaction of marriage ;
As a new caregiver , God has provided a new security attachment for the treatment of childhood trauma in women . At the same time , Christian women ' s sense of belonging and social support is equivalent to group psychotherapy , which also increases the marital satisfaction of women .
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.13

【引证文献】