双职工家庭工作—家庭界面特征对个人满意度及其家庭生活的影响

发布时间：2018-05-31 07:21

本文选题：工作-家庭界面 + 工作-家庭冲突　；参考：《华中师范大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：工作和家庭是现代人的两个主要的生活领域,这两个领域之间的关系并非完全独立而是存在相互重叠和相互作用。工作-家庭交互影响的形式包括消极的侵扰和积极的促进,既包括工作对家庭的影响又包括家庭对工作的影响。工作-家庭界面同时包含这4各维度的特征,根据个体对4个维度的感知不同组合构成工作-家庭界面的不同模式。不同的作用模式对个体工作满意度和家庭满意度产生不同的影响。这种影响不仅仅会在个体层面展现,并且会通过和两个领域中的重要他人的相互作用产生交叉影响。资源保存理论、溢出-交叉模型对工作和家庭的相互影响以及作用机制展开了相应的讨论和解释。资源保存理论从压力和应对的视角,以资源动态变化为核心提出了工作-家庭界面对个体在两个领域内心理和行为的影响源自资源的得失变化。溢出-交叉模型则从人际交互影响的角度提出了工作-家庭界面的影响模式。近年来,研究者越来越关注工作-家庭界面研究中家庭系统的影响和作用机制。尤其是在中国社会文化情境中,员工受到儒家文化以及家族主义的影响,使得家庭在工作-家庭关系之中占有相当重要的地位。因此,探讨工作-家庭界面中家庭系统的作用机制对理解员工工作-家庭关系以及其所带来的结果有着重要的意义,同时为组织和家庭建立有效的沟通提供依据。本研究结合这些已有的工作-家庭界面研究的理论观点系统探讨了员工工作-家庭界面的模式特征并且探讨不同的工作-家庭界面模式会对个体的工作和家庭满意度和家庭生活质量的影响。尝试对相关理论进行了整合和推进,以期用已有的理论对当前社会中员工所面l临的工作和家庭问题进行回答和解释。研究共包括1个预研究和4个正式研究,,其中研究三中包含两个子研究。研究一对城市双职工员工的工作-家庭界面特征的整体状况进行分析,采用以人为中心的研究视角结合潜在剖面分析的方法对1486名员工的工作-家庭界面4个维度得分进行分析。研究发现所调查员工的工作-家庭界面可以分为两个潜在类别。进一步采用单因素重复测量方差分析发现两个类别分别表现出：高工作-家庭双向增益和低工作-家庭双向冲突以及高工作对家庭的冲突低工作对家庭促进和高的家庭对工作促进和低的家庭对工作冲突。结合以往研究,这两个类别分别属于积极型和矛盾型的工作-家庭类别。其中矛盾型的工作-家庭界面关系是集体主义文化社会中常见的消极工作-家庭界面关系表现形式。研究同时发现积极型的类别人群中女性占多数并且报告了更多的父母支持,而矛盾型的类别人群中男性占多数并且报告了更少的父母支持。研究一结果突出了家庭单元在工作-家庭界面关系中的重要作用,不论积极型和矛盾型都表现出高的家庭-工作增益,矛盾型员工则表现出高工作-家庭双向冲突。研究二在研究一的基础之上进一步探讨矛盾型的员工的工作-家庭界面维度体验所带来的对工作满意度和家庭满意度的影响。研究采用两个数据点的纵向追踪设计,对150名冲突体验较高的企业员工前后收集两次数据,间隔时间为4个月。研究结果表明工作-家庭界面对员工工作满意度和家庭满意度的影响呈现出跨领域交叉影响和复合影响两种模式。个体时间1的工作-家庭冲突和家庭-工作增益分别对时间2的家庭满意度和工作满意度产生负面影响和正面影响；而时间1的工作-家庭增益和家庭工作冲突则对时间2的工作满意度和家庭满意度均产生正面和负面的影响。在对工作-家庭界面特征的动态性分析中可以发现,个体时间1的家庭-工作冲突可以预测其时间2的工作-家庭冲突的上升,个体时间1的工作-家庭增益可以预测其时间2的家庭-工作增益的出现。另外,家庭支持在工作-家庭冲突、家庭-工作冲突以及工作-家庭增益对家庭满意度的影响中的中介作用显著。研究三、四在研究一、二的基础上重点考察矛盾型员工的家庭单元中工作-家庭界面的人际影响及其机制。研究三采用成对设计的思路同时考察双职工夫妻工作-家庭界面对婚姻满意度的影响机制以及保护性因素。子研究1采用溢出-交叉模型对292对双职工夫妻的工作-家庭冲突和增益对婚姻满意度的影响。研究发现丈夫和妻子的工作-家庭冲突会对婚姻满意度产生负面影响,工作-家庭增益则会对婚姻满意度产生积极影响,丈夫和妻子的婚姻满意度存在交叉影响,且妻子对丈夫的影响大于丈夫对妻子的影响。夫妻感受到的家庭支持在工作-家庭冲突和增益对婚姻度的影响中起到中介作用。子研究2将观点采择能力作为影响双职工夫妻工作-家庭界面特征的保护性因素进行考察。研究对292对双职工夫妻进行成对分析,采用APIM模型同时考察夫妻观点采择能力的行动者和对象效应。路径分析结果显示：丈夫和妻子之间的观点采择能力具有高互依性,适合进行成对分析。丈夫和妻子的观点采择能力对各自的工作-家庭双向冲突均有显著的负向关联,而对各自的工作-家庭双向增益均有显著的正向预测作用。在对象效应的考察中发现,丈夫的观点采择能力对妻子的工作-家庭双向冲突均有预测作用。而妻子的观点采择能力只对丈夫的工作-家庭冲突有预测作用,但是对丈夫的家庭-工作冲突没有显著的预测作用。在对夫妻观点采择能力一致性的考察中发现,夫妻观点采择能力越一致,可以减少双方的工作-家庭冲突和提升家庭-工组增益。最后在对象效应的性别差异分析中可以得出丈夫观点采择能力对妻子的工作-家庭界面特征的影响要显著高于妻子对丈夫的工作-家庭界面特征。研究四综合考察了父母工作-家庭冲突(增益)对青少年子女的家庭亲密度和网络成瘾的影响。研究考察了292对青少年和其双职工父母,路径分析结果发现,父亲的工作-家庭冲突和青少年的家庭亲密度有显著的负相关,父亲的工作-家庭增益与青少年家庭亲密度有显著的正相关。而母亲的工作-家庭冲突(增益)对青少年的家庭亲密度均没有显著的预测作用。青少年的家庭亲密度和其网络成瘾有显著的负相关,并且中介了父亲的工作-家庭冲突(增益)对青少年网络成瘾的影响。综上所述,本研究发现了矛盾型的工作-家庭界面类型,并且发现家庭资源在影响其工作-家庭平衡过程中的重要作用。
[Abstract]:Work and family are the two main areas of life of modern people. The relationship between the two fields is not completely independent, but there is a mutual overlap and interaction. The form of work family interaction includes negative intrusion and positive promotion, including the impact of work on the family and the influence of family on work. The interface includes the characteristics of these 4 dimensions, which form different patterns of work family interface based on the individual perception of 4 dimensions. Different modes of action have different effects on individual job satisfaction and family satisfaction. This effect is not only displayed on the individual level, but also through and in the two fields. The interaction of important others has a cross effect. The theory of resource preservation, the spillover cross model and the interaction between work and family and the mechanism of action are discussed and explained accordingly. The theory of resource preservation puts forward the work family interface to the individual in two fields from the perspective of pressure and response and the dynamic change of resources as the core. The influence of internal psychology and behavior derives from the change of the gain and loss of resources. The spillover cross model puts forward the impact model of the work family interface from the perspective of interpersonal interaction. In recent years, researchers have paid more and more attention to the influence and mechanism of the family system in the work family interface research. The influence of Confucian culture and familism makes the family play an important role in the work family relationship. Therefore, it is important to explore the role mechanism of the family system in the work family interface to understand the employees' work family relationship and the results it brings, and to establish an effective ditch for the organization and the family. This study combines the theoretical perspectives of these existing work family interface studies to explore the pattern features of the employee work family interface and explore the impact of different work family interface patterns on individual work and family satisfaction and the quality of family life. In order to answer and explain the work and family problems facing L in the current society with the existing theory, the study includes 1 pre research and 4 formal studies, including two sub studies in the third study. The central research perspective combined with the method of potential profile analysis to analyze the 4 dimensions of the working family interface of 1486 employees. The study found that the working family interface of the employees can be divided into two potential categories. Further, the single factor repeated measurement analysis of variance analysis of the two categories showed that high work - Family two-way gain and low work - family two-way conflict and high working family conflict low work on family promotion and high families to job promotion and low family conflict. Combined with previous studies, these two categories belong to active and contradictory types of work family classes. The Department is a common negative work family interface expression in the collectivist cultural society. The study also finds that women occupy the majority of the positive types of people and report more parental support, while the majority of the conflicting categories are male and report less parental support. The important role of the yuan in the work family interface relationship, both positive and contradictory, shows a high family work gain and the contradictory employees show a high work family conflict. Research two further explores the work full of the work family interface dimension experience of contradictory employees. The study used two data points in the longitudinal tracking design to collect two data from 150 employees with higher conflict experience, with a interval of 4 months. The results showed that the impact of work family interface on employee job satisfaction and family satisfaction showed cross domain cross effects and complex effects. There were two models. The individual time 1 work family conflict and family work gain had negative and positive impact on the family satisfaction and job satisfaction of time 2, while the work family gain and family work conflict of time 1 had positive and negative effects on the job satisfaction and family satisfaction of time 2. Sound. In dynamic analysis of the features of the work family interface, it is found that 1 of individual time families - work conflicts can predict 2 of their time work - the rise of family conflict, the work of 1 of individual time - the family gain can predict the 2 of the family - work gain. And family support in work family conflict, family - work Conflict and work family gain have significant mediating role in the impact of family satisfaction. Study three, four on the basis of study one and two, focus on the interpersonal influence and mechanism of the work family interface in the family unit of the contradictory employees. Study three the thinking of the pair design and the study of the work family community of the two workers and couples at the same time. Facing the impact mechanism of marital satisfaction and the protective factors. Sub study 1 uses the spillover cross model to study the impact of work family conflict and gain on marital satisfaction in 292 pairs of double workers and couples. The study finds that the work family conflict between husband and wife has a negative impact on marital satisfaction, and the work family gain will make a marriage to the marriage. The marital satisfaction of the husband and the wife has a cross effect, and the wife's influence on the husband is greater than the husband's influence on the wife. The family support felt by the husband and wife plays a mediating role in the impact of work family conflict and gain on the marriage degree. Study on the protective factors of the wife's work family interface characteristics. A pair of couples of 292 pairs of workers and spouses were analyzed in pairs. The APIM model was used to examine the actor and object effect of the ability of the couple's choice of views. The result of the path analysis showed that the ability of the choice between the husband and the wife was highly interdependent and suitable for the score. Analysis ability of the husband and wife has a significant negative correlation to both work and family conflict, and has a significant positive predictive effect on both work and family gain. In the study of the effect of the object, the ability of the husband's opinion selection has a predictive effect on the wife's work and family conflict. The wife's opinion selection ability only has a predictive effect on the husband's work family conflict, but does not have a significant predictive effect on the husband's family work conflict. Finally, in the sex difference analysis of the effect of the object, it can be concluded that the influence of the husband's opinion selection on the wife's work family interface characteristics is significantly higher than that of the wife's husband's working family interface. Study four studies the family intimacy and Internet Addiction of the parents' work family conflict (gain) to the young children. The study investigated 292 pairs of adolescents and their parents. The results of path analysis found that there was a significant negative correlation between father's work - family conflict and adolescent family intimacy; father's work - family gain had a significant positive correlation with adolescent family intimacy. Family intimacy has no significant predictive effect. Family intimacy in adolescents has a significant negative correlation with its Internet addiction, and it mediates the impact of father's work - family conflict (gain) on adolescent Internet addiction. Sound its work - the important role of the family balance process.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：C913.1

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