“行政村”：乡土社会的国家化治理

发布时间：2018-06-02 04:36

本文选题：村 + “行政村”　；参考：《华中师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：“村”出现在东汉末期,在魏晋南北朝时期使用泛化,至唐朝时“村”制被正式确立。“村”是一个按照居住区域来划分的单位,“村”制的形成是城乡分治的结果,它不同于按照户数来编制的治理单位。传统乡村治理是官治还是自治主要看四个方面：治理组织、治理区域(户数)、治理人员及经费和治理职能。村治的行政化主要是这四个要素的行政化过程。“行政村”是在“政权下乡”的过程中形成的,“政权下乡”始于20世纪初晚清与国民政府所推行国家政权建设,但是在国家权力势能无法延伸到末梢时,自上而下地推行村落的行政化是注定要失败的。中国共产党将农民组织起来,进行自下而上的革命,建立一条有效的乡村整合路径,实现乡土社会的国家化治理：自上而下的治理层级、清晰化的行政区域、制度化的人员配备及经费支持、代表国家意志的行政活动。“行政村”指国家基于治理需要,对乡村所实行的条块化、区域化划分,具有行政建制性的治理单位。权力的下沉和渗透,将村落的自然属性转为行政性。1949—1954年“行政村”完成了共和国成立初的农村政权建设。此后,“行政村”的意义发生了变化,治理单位发生了区划和实体的分离,“行政村”只作为行政区划得以延续,并且区域范围被频繁地调整,基于“行政村”这一区划上的治理实体及职能体系也发生变迁。行政村是现代国家建构下的产物,标志着乡土社会国家化治理的开始。
[Abstract]:Village appeared in the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, used in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, and was formally established in Tang Dynasty. "Village" is a unit that is divided according to the living area, the formation of "village" system is the result of urban and rural partition and it is different from the governing unit compiled according to the number of households. Traditional rural governance is government or autonomy mainly look at four aspects: governance organization, governance area (household number, governance personnel and funds and governance functions. The administration of village governance is mainly the administrative process of these four elements. The "administrative village" was formed in the process of "regime going to the countryside". "regime going to the countryside" began in the late 20th century and the national government carried out the construction of state power, but when the potential energy of state power could not be extended to the end, The top-down implementation of village administration is doomed to failure. The Communist Party of China organized the peasants, carried out the bottom-up revolution, established an effective rural integration path, and realized the nationalized governance of the local society: a top-down level of governance, a clear administrative region, Institutionalized staffing and financial support, representing the national will of the administrative activities. The "administrative village" refers to the administrative unit with administrative system, which is implemented by the country on the basis of the need of governance and the division of the administrative system and regionalization. With the subsidence and infiltration of power, the natural attribute of the village was transformed into administrative. 1949-1954 "administrative village" completed the construction of the rural regime at the beginning of the founding of the Republic. Since then, the meaning of "administrative village" has changed, and the division of administrative units and the separation of entities have taken place. The "administrative village" has been continued only as an administrative division, and the regional scope has been frequently adjusted. The governance entity and function system based on the district of "administrative village" have also changed. Administrative village is the product of modern country construction and marks the beginning of nationalization of local society.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.82

【参考文献】