社会性别与身份政治：西方女性加入ISIS的原因

发布时间：2018-06-04 03:49

本文选题：女性主义 + 社会性别　；参考：《兰州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：女性恐怖主义这一现象由来已久。近年来,“伊斯兰国(ISIS)”在成员招募上表现出了较强的性别意识,针对不同地区、不同文化背景的女性采用不同的宣传内容和招募手段,并且取得了明显的效果——西方前往ISIS占领区的女性人数及比例均有显著上升,这在以往其他保守宗教恐怖组织中极为罕见。这一现象对以往女性恐怖主义研究中的一些判断提出了挑战,如女性更倾向于参加左翼恐怖组织而非宗教恐怖组织;女性加入恐怖组织多数是因为遭遇不幸、贫困、受教育程度低等。本文以西方女性前往叙利亚加入ISIS组织这一客观现象为研究对象,根据战略对话研究所(Institute for Strategic Dialogue,ISD)和国际极端化与政治暴力研究中心(the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence,ICSR)的数据库及相关资料,对伊斯兰国中关于女性成员招募、角色规定等材料进行深度理解,总结ISIS针对女性的招募内容及手段,分析西方女性加入ISIS的背景、原因、扮演角色及影响。通过研究,本文试图说明西方女性前往ISIS控制区的原因较为复杂,其中性别因素的影响始终存在。西方社会中的穆斯林女性被打上了“穆斯林”、“恐怖分子”和“女性”的标签被主流社会和原生家庭及社区孤立,无法建立对西方社会的认同和归属感,因此试图通过加入ISIS这一与西方进行对抗的方式构建自我身份认同,这是西方女性加入ISIS的主要原因。而在这一过程中,女性事实上成为西方文明和ISIS所倡导的伊斯兰文明冲突的战场和标志,女性自身的性别诉求被掩盖和忽视,这是西方女性的预期与ISIS对女性社会性别角色规定的主要矛盾。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of female terrorism has a long history. In recent years, the Islamic State (ISISIS) has shown a strong gender awareness in the recruitment of its members, using different content and recruitment methods for women from different regions and cultures. And there has been a marked increase in the number and proportion of women travelling to the ISIS occupied territories in the West, which has been rare among other conservative religious terrorist groups in the past. This phenomenon challenges some of the judgments of previous studies on women's terrorism, such as women's preference for left-wing terrorist organizations rather than religious terrorist groups; women's participation in terrorist groups is mostly due to misfortune and poverty. Low level of education. This paper focuses on the objective phenomenon of western women going to Syria to join the ISIS organization. According to the database and related information of the Institute of Strategic Dialogue Institute for Strategic Dialogueen ISD and the International Centre for the study of extreme and political violence, as well as related information, the recruitment of female members in the Islamic State, The content and means of ISIS recruitment for women are summarized, and the background, reason, role and influence of western women joining ISIS are analyzed. Through the study, this paper tries to explain that the reasons why western women go to the ISIS control area are more complicated, and the influence of gender factors always exists. Muslim women in Western societies are labelled "Muslim", "terrorists" and "women" are isolated by mainstream and native families and communities, and cannot build a sense of identity and belonging to Western society. Therefore, it is the main reason for western women to join ISIS that they try to build their own identity by joining ISIS, which is a way of antagonizing the West. In this process, women actually became the battlefield and symbol of the conflict of Islamic civilization advocated by Western civilization and ISIS, and their own gender demands were concealed and ignored. This is the main contradiction between the western women's expectation and the ISIS's stipulation on the gender roles of women.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.68

【参考文献】