退耕还林政策的社会性别分析

发布时间：2018-06-08 18:41

本文选题：退耕还林 + 社会性别　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了改善日益恶化的生态环境,中国政府制定了退耕还林政策,以遏制水土流失等生态问题。笔者深入陕北农村进行调研,对榆阳区白村的退耕还林政策进行了实证研究。本文采用深度访谈为主、问卷调查为辅的方法收集资料,并对资料进行整理分析,对白村退耕还林中退、还、管、补、收五个环节的实施进行描述,运用公共政策与社会性别理论和社会关系分析法对上述内容进行社会性别分析,并提出相关对策建议。调查结果显示,由于退耕还林政策制定者中女性的缺失、政策制定、实施过程中社会性别视角的缺失,导致退耕还林政策没有专门保护女性利益的条文,政策实施中没有注意到女性在农村生产劳动中的重要作用,忽视了女性的参与;退耕还林以后,由于男性外出务工,女性承担了农业劳动、林业劳动、家禽家畜喂养、家务劳动等几乎所有劳动,劳动负担相当沉重;在这个过程中女性开始接触资源和做出决策,然而由于传统思想的束缚以及现有制度的约束,男性依然是家中的“主心骨”,家庭中的重大事务妇女要做出决策必须得到男性的同意;妇女在形式上更多地参与村庄事务,退耕还林并没有给她们带来权力的增长;妇女并不是天然的生态保护主义者,妇女在生态观念、生态政策的认知、生计行为的选择上受知识、经济条件等多种因素的影响,个体生存理性远远高于群体环境理性。在退耕还林中,女性并没有同男性、村庄发展同步,并没有在退耕还林中受益,这并不仅仅是因为政策无性别视角一个原因所导致,还有中国长期以来的男权思想束缚,因此,在增加决策机构中女性比例、增强决策者的性别意识、改变传统的利益分配模式、提高政策的性别敏感之外,还要加强对社会性别理论的研究和宣传,重视女性的社会价值,提高女性的整体素质,发挥妇女在农村生产经营、生态保护中的作用。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the deteriorating ecological environment, the Chinese government has formulated a policy of returning farmland to forests to curb ecological problems such as soil erosion. The author made an empirical study on the policy of returning farmland to forest in Baicun, Yuyang District. In this paper, the method of in-depth interview, supplemented by questionnaire, is used to collect and analyze the data, and to describe the implementation of five links of returning farmland to forest, returning, managing, compensating and collecting in Baicun. Using the theory of public policy, gender and social relationship analysis, the author makes a gender analysis of the above contents, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions. The results of the investigation show that because of the lack of women in the policy makers of returning farmland to forest, the policy making, The lack of gender perspective in the process of implementation led to the policy of returning cropland to forest without special provisions to protect the interests of women, the policy implementation did not pay attention to the important role of women in rural productive labor, ignoring the participation of women; After returning cropland to forest, as men go out to work, women bear almost all kinds of labor, such as agricultural labor, forestry labor, poultry and livestock feeding, domestic work and so on, and the labor burden is quite heavy; In the process, women begin to access resources and make decisions, but men are still the backbone of the family because of the constraints of traditional ideas and existing institutions. Women in the family must have the consent of men to make decisions; women are more formally involved in village affairs, and returning farmland to forests does not increase their power; and women are not natural conservationists. Women are influenced by many factors, such as knowledge, economic conditions and so on, in ecological concept, cognition of ecological policy, choice of livelihood behavior, etc. Individual survival rationality is far higher than group environmental rationality. In returning cropland to forest, women are not the same as men. The synchronous development of villages has not benefited from returning farmland to forests, not only because of the lack of a gender perspective in the policy, but also because of China's long-standing patriarchal ideology, which has led to an increase in the proportion of women in decision-making bodies. Besides strengthening the gender awareness of decision makers, changing the traditional benefit distribution model and increasing the gender sensitivity of policies, we should also strengthen the research and dissemination of gender theory, attach importance to the social value of women, and improve the overall quality of women. Give play to the role of women in rural production and management, ecological protection.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.68;F326.2

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