技术的人类学审视

发布时间：2018-06-11 14:17

本文选题：技术 + 人类学　；参考：《东北大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：技术人类学是STS领域内的一个新方向。作为一种新的技术研究路径,它还不成熟,尚处于“破碎的”部门研究中,而已有研究成果在技术观上的模糊性成为其进一步发展的深层障碍。因此,借鉴国内外技术人类学的最新研究成果,深入、系统地厘清人类学视野中的技术观,不仅可以推进我国对技术的人类学研究,促进技术人类学新学科的形成,而且还能给技术哲学研究带来新视角。近三十年来,人类学对技术的研究,已经将人们的技术观从人工物中心观和建构主义中心观推进到社会技术系统观。通过活动棱镜或者身体中介的引入,人和物被铸造为一个更加紧密的无缝之网。作为无缝之网的社会技术系统,是身体的、生理的、心理的、社会的、文化的以及物质的有机整体,依据一根或者几根主线对其进行分割将破坏其整体性。然而,为了论述方便,本文仍然不适当从技术知识、技术人工物和技术活动三个方面展开论述。通过引入文化视角、文献研究方法以及关键问题等,本文首先从学科内因和环境外因两方面分析了人类学审视技术的逻辑必然性；其次,从人类学的视角分析了技术知识的社会实践本质,并思考在实践基础上将从业者的内部眼界和观察者的外部视角结合起来的可能性；再次,从功能与风格两方面阐述了人类学对技术人工物的理解,并探索以文化实践为基础消除功能/风格的二分；接着,以活动理论为基础分析了技术活动,将它看作是意义之源。最后,以技术的人类学视角审视国内外的技术哲学研究,认为当代技术哲学的经验转向的实质就是人类学转向。笔者期望通过这种研究来呼吁国内STS学者重视技术人类学的研究,并加强技术哲学与技术人类学、技术史学、技术社会学等学科间的对话与交流,进而培育具有中国特色的关于技术的交叉学科的、批判的、文化的综合路径。
[Abstract]:Technical anthropology is a new direction in the field of STS. As a new technology research path, it is not mature and is still in the "broken" sector research. The fuzziness of the research results in the view of technology has become a deep obstacle to its further development. Therefore, drawing lessons from the latest research results of technological anthropology at home and abroad, deeply and systematically clarifying the view of technology in the field of anthropology, we can not only promote the study of technological anthropology in our country, but also promote the formation of a new subject of technological anthropology. In the last 30 years, anthropology's research on technology has pushed people's view of technology from the view of artificial object center and constructivism to the view of social technology system. Through the introduction of active prism or body intermediation, people and objects are cast into a more seamless network. As a seamless network of social technology system, is the physical, psychological, social, cultural and material organic whole, according to one or several main lines to divide it will destroy its integrity. However, in order to facilitate the discussion, this paper is still not appropriate to discuss from three aspects: technical knowledge, technological artifact and technological activities. Through the introduction of cultural perspective, literature research methods and key issues, etc. This paper first analyzes the logical inevitability of anthropology examining technology from two aspects of internal cause and environment external cause, secondly, analyzes the essence of social practice of technical knowledge from the perspective of anthropology. On the basis of practice, the author thinks about the possibility of combining the internal horizon of the practitioner with the external perspective of the observer. Thirdly, it expounds the anthropological understanding of the technological artifact from the two aspects of function and style. It also explores to eliminate the dichotomy of function / style on the basis of cultural practice, and then, based on the theory of activity, analyzes technical activities as the source of meaning. Finally, from the perspective of the anthropology of technology, we examine the philosophy of technology at home and abroad. It is believed that the essence of the empirical turn of contemporary philosophy of technology is the turn of anthropology. The author hopes to appeal to the domestic STS scholars to pay attention to the research of technological anthropology and strengthen the philosophy of technology and the anthropology of technology, and the history of technology through this kind of research. The dialogue and exchange among the subjects such as sociology of technology and so on, and thus foster the comprehensive path of interdiscipline, criticism and culture of technology with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C912.4

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