容貌至上主义：韩国女性整容文化研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 16:01

本文选题：韩国 + 整容文化　；参考：《中央民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：韩国在20世纪70年代经济腾飞以后,其社会文化、日常生活等各方面都发生了巨大的变化,女性整容文化也随着经济的发展得以兴盛起来。如今韩国已经成为世界闻名的整容大国,每年赴韩整容的外国游客与日俱增。在韩国,整容作为一种可以任意购买的商品服务已经成为了一项被日常化的实践行为,韩国社会对于整容实践行为的容许度很高。在娱乐明星和社会精英的示范效应下,整容成为了韩国民众趋之若骛的行为,并且形成了独特的整容文化。韩国社会整容文化的实践主体是女性,除了父权制带来的容貌至上主义的结构性社会压力以外,韩国女性在整容文化的建构过程中也表现出相当程度的自主性和主体性。因此,本文将整容文化视为理解当代韩国社会的一个独特的视角。整容是一种利用医学手段改造身体外貌的医学方式,最早于20世纪初运用于对战争中受伤士兵的身体外观的恢复性再造。而利用外科手术的方式改造正常人的外貌是一种人为地对自然身体的改变,这种利用医学技术手段改变身体形态的行为引起了很多社会理论家的关注。在之前关于整容的社会研究中,身体社会学、消费主义和女性主义都对整容行为进行了深刻地解读,韩国的本土研究也从韩国整容产业的扩张、媒体的作用以及整容者的角度对韩国的整容现象进行过相关研究。本文在以上研究的基础上,以当代韩国女性地位的转变为背景,并且综合了前人的研究成果,立足于实地田野调查资料,力图从韩国社会的文化规范、整容产业的经营模式以及整容者个人的主体性意义等维度来综合呈现韩国女性整容文化的成因及其实践意义。在容貌至上主义的社会文化规范作用下,女性的身体已经被结构化了,身体不仅仅是物理上的身体,而是权力、资本、价值规范、意识形态综合而成的社会构成物。美容整容作为一种医疗手段,是对无疾病的身体通过医疗手段来达到社会所认可的美的身体,经过技术改造过的身体可以说是社会规范、男女社会性别属性的体现。女性在通过整容去改变容貌时,已经默认了这种外貌歧视的文化规范,并且不断地再生产着这种不平等的女性地位和以貌取人的社会风气。韩国发达的整容产业链使得整容服务的获取更加便利,激烈的市场竞争降低了整容价格,技术的发展使得整容手术越来越简单,术后修复更加完善,这一切都进一步扩大了整容在女性群体中的普及程度。作为整容主体的韩国女性认可整容给她们带来的主体性意义,这包括自信心的提高和整容带来的现实利益。总之,韩国的整容文化是其容貌至上主义的文化规范、规模庞大的整容产业以及女性自身对待整容的积极态度等因素合力的产物。韩国女性在整容文化中的"共谋式"参与,在更深的层面上凸显了韩国女性在现代社会生活中自我呈现机制的变化。
[Abstract]:After the economic takeoff in the 1970s in South Korea, great changes have taken place in all aspects of its social culture and daily life, and the culture of female cosmetic surgery has also flourished with the development of economy. Today, South Korea has become a world-famous plastic surgery country, every year the number of foreign tourists to Korea plastic surgery is increasing. In Korea, cosmetic surgery, as a kind of commodity service that can be purchased at will, has become a daily practice behavior, and Korean society has a high tolerance for plastic surgery practice. Under the demonstration effect of entertainment stars and social elites, plastic surgery has become the behavior of Korean people, and formed a unique plastic surgery culture. The main body of plastic surgery culture in Korean society is female. In addition to the structural social pressure of appearance supremacy brought by patriarchal system, Korean women also show a considerable degree of autonomy and subjectivity in the process of construction of plastic surgery culture. Therefore, this article regards plastic surgery culture as a unique angle of view to understand contemporary Korean society. Cosmetic surgery is a medical way to reconstruct body appearance by medical means. It was first used in the early 20th century to reconstruct the body appearance of wounded soldiers in war. The use of surgical methods to modify the appearance of normal people is a man-made change of the natural body, this use of medical technology to change the shape of the body behavior has attracted the attention of many social theorists. In previous social studies on cosmetic surgery, physical sociology, consumerism and feminism have all profoundly interpreted cosmetic surgery, and local studies in South Korea have also expanded the plastic surgery industry in South Korea. The role of the media and the perspective of cosmetic plastic surgery in South Korea has been related to the phenomenon. On the basis of the above research, this paper takes the change of the status of contemporary Korean women as the background, and synthesizes the previous research results, based on the field survey data, trying to from the cultural norms of Korean society. The management mode of plastic surgery industry and the personal subjective significance of plastic surgery show the causes of Korean women's plastic surgery culture and its practical significance. Under the social and cultural norm of the appearance supremacy, the female body has been structured. The body is not only the physical body, but also the social composition of power, capital, value norm and ideology. Cosmetic plastic surgery as a medical means is to the body without disease through medical means to achieve the social recognition of the United States body, after the technical transformation of the body can be said to be the social norms, gender attributes of men and women reflect. When women change their appearance through plastic surgery, they have acquiesced to the cultural norms of appearance discrimination, and continue to reproduce the unequal status of women and the social atmosphere of judging people by appearance. Korea's developed plastic surgery industry chain has made it more convenient to obtain plastic surgery services. Fierce market competition has reduced the price of cosmetic surgery. With the development of technology, cosmetic surgery has become more and more simple, and postoperative repair has become more complete. All this has further expanded the popularity of cosmetic surgery in the female population. As the main body of plastic surgery, Korean women recognize the subjective significance of plastic surgery, which includes the improvement of self-confidence and the practical benefits of plastic surgery. In a word, the plastic surgery culture in Korea is the result of the cultural norm of its appearance supremacy, the huge plastic surgery industry and the positive attitude of women to plastic surgery. The "collusion" participation of Korean women in plastic surgery culture highlights the change of self-presentation mechanism of Korean women in modern social life.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.68

【参考文献】