农户生计安全问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 11:02

本文选题：农户 + 生计安全　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：当今,中国正处于经济社会发展的转型时期,民生问题成为我国经济社会发展的重点和难点。党和政府从政治经济体制改革以及社会政策等多个层面推进民生的改善。农户在经受自然灾害、金融风暴、生态恶化、市场风险和突发事件的打击时,其风险抵御能力普遍降低并威胁着自身的生计安全。转型期农户生计的转变及生活中不确定性因素的增加,使其生计安全水平下降。因此如何适应变化并调控行为以维护自身的安全成为人们关注的焦点。而现时农村社会保障发展严重滞后,未能真正起到保障农户生计、抵御风险和促进其发展的功能。在这一背景下,就我国农户生计安全问题进行研究具有重大的理论和现实意义。生计安全是国家安全和农村社会保障的重要组成部分,也是农户可持续发展的客观要求。探究农户生计安全理论,为研究中国农民问题提供了一种新的研究思路,有利于农村投入资源的有效利用、促进了农村社会的协调发展、完善了农户可持续发展理论。安全而又稳定的生计可以消除贫困,抵御外界压力和冲击,进而恢复生态平衡并维持生计,促使区域经济协调发展。保障农户的生计安全,不仅有利于实现农村经济的持续发展,且有利于提高农民生活水平和切实解决“三农”问题。本选题把农户作为研究对象,从宏观角度提出了农户生计安全概念,并试图从农户生计安全因素分析、行为分析、评价体系、安全保障模式等方面为农户生计安全问题研究建立一个基础性理论框架。全文共分七章和结语,在可持续发展和“资源—环境—生计”系统良性循环的背景理念下,依照层层递进的逻辑关系,紧紧围绕生计安全这条主线展开研究。首先,本文立足于我国农业、农村与农民的基本情况,依据可持续生计分析框架及既有研究成果,力求从理论上给出农户生计安全的基本界定。其次,对我国农户生计的现状做出基本判断。分别从我国农户生计的外部环境、内在要素评价和农户分类描述三个方面客观分析,勾画出当前我国农户生计安全问题面临的困境与机遇,对农户生计状况进行了分类描述并特别关注了贫困农户的生计困境问题。再次,从一般意义上论述了农户的生计行为逻辑,并运用AGIL功能模型分析了农户生计安全的价值判断和逻辑关系。从而分析评价了农户生计风险的影响因素包括环境、经济、社会和农户自身等方面,其具有复杂性、突发性、隐蔽性和传导性的特点。接着,在客观描述我国农户生计现状、科学分析农户生计行为的基础上,对农户生计安全建立一套可评价的指标体系。论文从生计系统、社会系统、环境系统三个层面,提出了评价生计安全的环境背景、农户生存压力、社会风险、资源承载能力、农户生计资产、农户生计成果、资源环境保护、区域发展政策、农户生计策略等九大要素,建立30个具体指标和评价标准,并以此为标准对陕西省农户生计安全进行了实证性校验。最后,本文构建了农户生计安全的保障性框架,在探寻生计困境形成的基础上,结合外部压力和内部需求,建立生计安全的动力模型,并提出了内源型、开放型和集体型的区域生计安全发展选择模式。通过前文的分析,粗线条提出了与农户生计安全持续发展相协调的实现路径。包括政府需要建立生计安全的评估和预警机制,需要大力加强和发展惠民生计项目,并从社会保障制度建设出发,提出加强社区互助的路径。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, China is in the transition period of economic and social development. The problem of people's livelihood has become the key and difficult point in the economic and social development of our country. The party and the government have promoted the improvement of the people's livelihood from the political and economic system reform and social policy. The farmers are experiencing natural disasters, financial storms, ecological deterioration, market risk and emergencies. At the time of attack, the ability to resist risk generally decreases and threatens the safety of their livelihoods. The transformation of farmers' livelihood and the increase of uncertainty in the life of the transitional period make the livelihood security level decline. Therefore, how to adapt to the change and control behavior in order to maintain its own safety has become the focus of attention. In this context, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the livelihood safety of farmers in our country.
The livelihood security is an important part of the national security and the rural social security. It is also an objective requirement for the sustainable development of the farmers. To explore the theory of farmer's livelihood security provides a new research idea for the study of the Chinese farmers' problem, which is beneficial to the effective utilization of the rural investment resources, promotes the coordinated development of the rural society and consummate the agriculture. A safe and stable livelihood theory. A safe and stable livelihood can eliminate poverty, resist external pressure and impact, then restore the ecological balance and maintain a livelihood, and promote the coordinated development of the regional economy. To ensure the livelihood security of the farmers, it is not only conducive to the sustainable development of the rural economy, but also helps to improve the living standard and practical solution of the farmers. The "three rural issues".
This topic takes farmers as the research object, and puts forward the concept of farmers' livelihood security from the macro perspective, and tries to establish a basic theoretical frame for the study of farmers' livelihood security, such as analysis of safety factors, behavior analysis, evaluation system and safety guarantee mode. The full text is divided into seven chapters and conclusion, in sustainable development and Under the background of the virtuous cycle of "resource environment - livelihood" system, according to the logical relationship of layers progressive, it is closely related to the main line of livelihood security. Firstly, this article is based on the basic situation of agriculture, rural and farmers in our country, according to the framework of sustainable livelihoods analysis and the existing research results, and strive to give farmers theoretically. The basic definition of household livelihood security is given. Secondly, the basic judgment is made on the current situation of the livelihood of farmers in China. From the external environment of the livelihood of farmers in China, the evaluation of internal elements and the classification of farmers, three aspects are analyzed objectively, and the difficulties and opportunities for the livelihood security of farmers in China are outlined, and the living conditions of farmers are divided. The class describes and pays special attention to the plight of the livelihood of the poor farmers. Again, the logic of the livelihood behavior of the farmers is discussed in general, and the value judgment and logical relationship of the livelihood security of the farmers are analyzed by using the AGIL function model. The analysis and evaluation of the impact factors of the livelihood risk of farmers include the environment, economy, society and farmers. In the aspects of body, it has the characteristics of complexity, sudden, concealment and conduction. Then, on the basis of objectively describing the living situation of farmers in our country and scientifically analyzing the livelihood behavior of farmers, a set of evaluable index system is set up for the livelihood security of farmers. The thesis has put forward the evaluable students from three levels of livelihood system, social system and environmental system. According to the environmental background of the security, the farmers' survival pressure, the social risk, the resources carrying capacity, the livelihood assets of the farmers, the livelihood of the farmers, the protection of the resources and the environment, the policy of regional development and the livelihood strategy of the farmers, 30 specific indexes and evaluation criteria have been established, and this is the standard for the verification of the livelihood security of the farmers in Shaanxi province. Finally, this paper constructs a guarantee framework for the livelihood security of farmers, and on the basis of the formation of the livelihood dilemma, combined with the external pressure and internal demand, establishes the dynamic model of livelihood security, and puts forward the selection mode of the endogenous, open and collective regional livelihood security development. Through the analysis of the previous article, the rough lines are put forward with the farmers. The implementation path of the sustainable development of livelihood security, including the government needs to establish an assessment and early warning mechanism for livelihood security, needs to strengthen and develop people's livelihood projects, and, starting from the construction of social security system, puts forward the way to strengthen community mutual assistance.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.82

【引证文献】