牧区族群的生计变迁与心理适应——以甘南夏河县桑科乡X村为例

发布时间：2018-06-22 23:30

本文选题：生计变迁 + 藏族　；参考：《甘肃社会科学》2017年02期

【摘要】：当族群的生计方式及族群内部群体的"社会身份"发生改变,其社会文化生存环境和族群心理认知也随之发生变迁。20世纪末以来,甘南藏族自治州的各牧业区先后开始实行草场承包政策,牧民族群的生计方式由游牧转为定居,草地利用及管理的主要方式由部落共用转向家庭承包,文化变迁的心理认知场域也由传统变为现代。定居转型后,随着现代化进程的推进和旅游的进一步开发,地处拉卜楞—桑科旅游带的牧民们在社会生活、文化适应及生计方式等方面均发生较大变迁,由文化接触而引起的文化涵化及族群心理适应等问题开始出现,族群内部不同群体在心理认知和文化调适过程中也表现出不同特征。基于此,从生计变迁及其引起的族群心理适应的研究视角,以甘南夏河县桑科乡X村为例,对草地利用与管理的历史变迁、牧民定居转型后的生计变迁与认知、牧民族群的生计认知与心理适应以及对传统生态伦理的价值守护等方面进行阐述并提出理论建议。
[Abstract]:When the way of livelihood of ethnic groups and the "social identity" of groups within ethnic groups change, the social and cultural living environment and the psychological cognition of ethnic groups have also changed since the end of the 20th century. In the pastoral areas of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, the grassland contract policy has been implemented one after another, the livelihood of herdsmen has changed from nomadic to settled, and the main way of grassland utilization and management has shifted from tribal sharing to household contracting. The field of psychological cognition of cultural change has also changed from tradition to modern. With the advancement of modernization and the further development of tourism, the herdsmen who are located in the Labulin-Sankow tourist belt have undergone great changes in social life, cultural adaptation and livelihood style. The problems of cultural acculturation and ethnic group psychological adaptation caused by cultural contact began to appear, and different groups within the ethnic group also showed different characteristics in the process of psychological cognition and cultural adjustment. Based on this, from the perspective of livelihood changes and the psychological adaptation of ethnic groups caused by them, taking X Village in Sanke Township of Xianghe County in Gannan as an example, the historical changes of grassland utilization and management, and the livelihood changes and cognition of herdsmen after settlement transformation are discussed. The livelihood cognition and psychological adaptation of herdsmen and the value protection of traditional ecological ethics are expounded and some theoretical suggestions are put forward.
【作者单位】：兰州大学历史文化学院暨西北少数民族研究中心;甘肃省社会科学院杂志社;
【基金】：甘肃省科技计划资助项目“甘南草地利用的历史变迁及民族心理研究”(项目编号:1606RJZA193)阶段性成果
【分类号】：C912.6

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