16-17世纪英国女性主要经济活动探析

发布时间：2018-06-24 05:32

本文选题：英国女性 + 经济活动　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：自15世纪到18世纪是西欧从封建制向资本主义过度、从传统农业社会向现代工业社会转变的时期。英国亦如此，1500到1700两百年，英国经济和社会正经历近代转型，既从宏观大局深刻影响到英国历史发展的进程，，也在社会个体的社会活动方式、活动范围及其性质，包括女性的社会经济活动等微观层面，引发了一系列改变。传统社会，女性被定位于个体小家庭从事家务劳动，一般不参与家庭之外的社会经济活动。16-17世纪英国经济的新格局，商业贸易的繁荣、乡村工业的崛起以及农业领域上所发生的资本主义革命，为当时的女性提供了众多参与社会经济活动的机会，为女性有效融入社会提供了广阔的空间。16、17世纪的英国女性，往往通过自身的雇佣性劳动为自己或家庭赚取货币收入，所涉足的经济领域比较广泛。在婚前女性选择家庭女仆服务或者学徒工作，锻炼职业技能，丰富社会经验，并挣钱以积攒嫁妆资费；婚后，更忙碌在“茅舍工业”、农场、集市、城市富裕家庭等各类提供雇佣劳动的职业场所，以其劳动报酬帮补家用，乃至维持家庭基本生计。这一时期的英国女性通过积极参加各类型经济活动，在一定程度上提高了自我生存能力和整体的性别社会地位，同时作为一支庞大而廉价的劳动力大军，为英国“前工业化时期”资本原始积累的顺利进行，以及转型时期的英国经济发展作出了巨大的群体性贡献。本文主要阐述16-17世纪英国女性参与的各类经济活动；结合当时英国女性社会生存环境的考察，从社会文化、家庭背景以及个人素养几个方面，分析影响女性经济活动深刻度、广泛度和效率问题的社会性因素及个体因素；揭示女性经济活动在家庭生计维持、个人提升以及国家经济发展诸环节发挥的积极功能作用。
[Abstract]:From the 15 th century to the 18 th century, Western Europe changed from feudalism to capitalism and from traditional agricultural society to modern industrial society. The British economy and society were undergoing a modern transformation from 1500 to 1700, which had a profound impact on the historical development of the United Kingdom from the macro perspective, as well as on the social activities of the individual, the scope and nature of their activities. Including women's social and economic activities and other micro-level, triggered a series of changes. In the traditional society, women were defined as small families engaged in domestic work, generally did not participate in the social and economic activities outside the family. The rise of rural industry and the capitalist revolution in agriculture provided many opportunities for women at that time to participate in social and economic activities, and provided broad space for women to integrate effectively into society. Often through their own employment to earn money for themselves or families, involved in a wide range of economic fields. Before marriage, women choose to work as domestic maids or apprentices, train their vocational skills, enrich their social experience, and earn money to save for dowry; after marriage, they are busier in "cottage industries", farms, and fairs. Urban rich families and other types of employment places to provide wage labor, with their remuneration to support the family, and even to maintain the basic livelihood of the family. By actively participating in all kinds of economic activities, the British women of this period improved to some extent their self-viability and overall gender social status, while serving as a large and cheap labour force. It has made a great contribution to the primitive accumulation of capital in the pre-industrial period and the economic development in the transitional period. This paper mainly expounds all kinds of economic activities in which British women participated in the 16-17 century, and analyzes the depth of the economic activities of British women from the aspects of social culture, family background and personal accomplishment, combined with the investigation of the social living environment of British women at that time. The social and individual factors of the problems of the degree of breadth and efficiency and the positive function of women's economic activities in the maintenance of family's livelihood, the promotion of individuals and the development of national economy are revealed.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.68;K561

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