非对称公共物品情境中领导对下属捐赠行为的影响

发布时间：2018-06-25 03:05

本文选题：非对称公共物品两难 + 领导设置　；参考：《内蒙古师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年，慈善事业受到的关注度越来越高，有关慈善事业的负面新闻也频频被曝光。人们渴望慈善信息的可靠性和透明度的同时，更加渴望那些自私自利的人把目光集中到集体利益上。在捐款活动中社会成员组成了一个临时的群体，在这个群体中个体的行为不仅会受到价值观等个人因素的影响，更加受到集体中其他人行为的影响，那么在这种临时群体中个体行为会受到哪些因素影响，影响机制又是怎样的呢？本研究将此问题应用非对称公共物品困境模型进行实验室模拟。以往公共物品两难的研究大多数集中在对称公共物品两难模型，也就是所有成员在捐献之前所拥有的资源是均等的，但是在现实生活中财富的分配是不均等的，所以说非对称公共物品两难研究更加贴近于现实生活，研究更具有现实意义。本研究在以往研究的基础上，采用公共物品困境普遍实验范式——非公共物品两难作为背景，实验室实验为主，调查问卷为辅的研究方法，主要探讨在非对称公共物品两难情境中领导的设置、行为方式及社会价值取向等变量对群体合作行为的影响。本研究一共分为三个实验，实验一主要考察群体中是否存在领导和其行为方式（合作，，背叛）对被试捐赠行为和群体认同的影响；实验二根据实验一的结果将领导区分为内群体和外群体两种来源结合行为方式变量，考察其对被试捐赠行为和群体认同的影响；实验三根据实验一和实验二的结果，使领导和普通成员同时存在于群体当中，同时引入领导来源，社会价值取向，示范个体行为三个变量考察其对被试捐赠行为和群体认同的影响。研究结果：（1）公共物品两难情境中，领导能够有效的促进群体成员的合作，即有领导情境中普通成员的捐赠水平要显著高于无领导情境，但是有领导情境中的群体认同显著低于无领导情境。（2）群体中优势地位成员的背叛行为没有引发弱势地位成员的背叛行为，反而使其表现出更高的捐赠水平，但是背叛时的群体认同更低。（3）群体当中同时存在有内外群体领导时，内群体领导会得到更多的支持，但是如果只存在内群体领导或外群体领导时，内外群体领导得到的支持差异不大。（4）群体认同对不同社会价值取向的个体作用不同，亲社会型的个体出现外群体偏爱，领导的背叛行为反而使其表现出更高的捐赠水平，但是此时的群体认同会随之下降；亲自我型的个体对群体认同较为敏感，领导的背叛行为使其群体认同降低的同时捐赠水平也随之降低。
[Abstract]:In recent years, philanthropy has received more and more attention, and negative news about charity has been frequently exposed. People yearn for the reliability and transparency of charitable information, but also for the selfish people to focus on the collective interest. Members of society form a temporary group in which the behaviour of individuals is influenced not only by individual factors such as values, but also by the behaviour of others in the collective. What factors will affect individual behavior in this temporary group, and what is the mechanism of the influence? This study applies asymmetric public goods dilemma model to laboratory simulation. In the past, most of the studies of public goods dilemma focused on the symmetrical public goods dilemma model, that is, all members have equal resources before donation, but in real life, the distribution of wealth is not equal. Therefore, the study of asymmetric public goods dilemma is closer to real life and has practical significance. On the basis of previous studies, this study adopts the general experimental paradigm of public goods dilemmas-non-public goods dilemma as the background, laboratory experiments as the main, questionnaire as a supplementary research method. This paper mainly discusses the influence of leadership setting, behavior style and social value orientation on group cooperative behavior in the dilemma of asymmetric public goods. This study is divided into three experiments. Experiment one is to investigate whether there are leaders and their behavior patterns (cooperation, betrayal) in the group on the donation behavior and group identity; According to the results of experiment one, the leaders were divided into two kinds of internal and external groups combined with behavior style variables, and the effects of leadership on donation behavior and group identity were investigated. Experiment 3 was based on the results of experiment 1 and experiment 2. So that the leaders and ordinary members exist in the group at the same time, at the same time the introduction of leadership sources, social value orientation, demonstration of the individual behavior of the three variables to examine the impact on the donation behavior and group identity. The results are as follows: (1) in the situation of public goods dilemma, leadership can effectively promote the cooperation of group members, that is, the donation level of ordinary members in the situation of leadership is significantly higher than that of the situation without leadership. However, the group identity in the leadership situation was significantly lower than that in the non-leadership situation. (2) the betrayal behavior of the dominant status member in the group did not lead to the betrayal behavior of the weak status member, on the contrary, it showed a higher donation level. But the group identity of betrayal is lower. (3) if there is both internal and external group leadership in the group, the inner group leader will get more support, but if there is only the inner group leader or the outside group leader, The support of internal and external group leaders is not different. (4) Group identity has different individual role in different social value orientation, and pro-social individual has the preference of outside group. The leader's betrayal makes him show a higher level of donation, but then the group identity will decline; the individual is more sensitive to the group identity. The leader's betrayal reduced the group's identity and reduced the level of donations.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C912.6

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