启蒙思想中的“文明社会”

发布时间：2018-06-27 22:01

本文选题：启蒙思想家 + 文明社会　；参考：《学术月刊》2013年12期

【摘要】：启蒙思想家把形成中的新社会形态称作"文明社会"(civil society),认为文明社会塑造了理性交往的文明人,深刻改变了既有的社会机制。在法律方面,约束文明人需要使犯罪的成本大于收益,功利主义法学应运而生;在伦理上,启蒙思想家发现人的物质欲望是克制肆意激情的良好方式,试图为欲望正名;在心理层面,文明表现为人对自身心理冲动的克制。斯密虽然没有发明"本我"、"超我"等概念描述这一过程,但对这种机制已经有了深入理解和认识;在政治方面,"文明人"这一全新人格的出现使得洛克对于自然状态有了迥异于霍布斯的全新认识,"文明人"为近代的自由民主政治奠定了人性基础。同时,启蒙思想家也洞察到文明社会发展出的种种缺憾。现在将"civil society"译成、理解成市民社会等,相对狭化和遮蔽了文明社会的文明诸维度。它表明,重温和理解启蒙思想家们的文明社会论述依然是必要的。
[Abstract]:Enlightenment thinkers called the forming new social form "civilized society" (civil society), thought that civilized society molded the civilized person of rational communication, and profoundly changed the existing social mechanism. In the legal aspect, the restraint of civilized people needs to make the cost of crime greater than the benefit, utilitarianism law emerges as the times require; in ethics, enlightenment thinkers find that man's material desire is a good way to restrain wanton passion and try to correct the name of desire. On the psychological level, civilization is the restraint of one's own psychological impulse. Smith did not invent the "ego", "superego" and other concepts to describe this process, but this mechanism has been deeply understood and understood; In politics, the emergence of the new personality of "civilized man" makes Locke have a completely different understanding of natural state than Hobbes, "civilized man" laid the foundation of human nature for modern liberal and democratic politics. At the same time, enlightenment thinkers also have insight into the shortcomings of the development of civil society. The translation of "civil society" into civil society is relatively narrow and obscures the dimensions of civilization. It shows that it is still necessary to revisit and understand the civilized social discourse of enlightenment thinkers.
【作者单位】：浙江大学公共管理学院;
【分类号】：C09

【共引文献】