不同孤独感农村留守儿童对亲情缺失信息的加工特点研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 10:09

本文选题：留守儿童 + 孤独感　；参考：《西南大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：孤独感是30年来中西方心理学家广泛关注的研究领域。2004年以来,农村留守儿童这一特殊群体逐渐受到中国社会各界的普遍关注,学术界也开始对留守儿童孤独感进行了研究。王良锋、张顺等人(2006)研究发现,留守儿童中存在高孤独感的比率为17.6%。Liu,Sun等(2010)对中国留守儿童调查发现,亲情缺失导致留守儿童产生较低的自我概念和较高的孤独感。但是,包括认知加工理论角度在内的现有研究主要是运用理论辨析和问卷调查对留守儿童孤独感的现状、成因、教育对策进行分析,未见运用社会认知实验法分析孤独感个体对亲情缺失相关信息的认知加工特点。而分析留守儿童对亲情缺失相关信息的认知加工特点,对于改善留守儿童的孤独感,培养其社会情绪能力,提高其生命质量具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。本研究采用问卷调查法、访谈法和实验法等方法,对农村留守儿童孤独感的结构特征及其对亲情缺失相关信息的信息加工特点进行了系统探讨。整个研究分为2大部分,由6项研究构成。第一部分是整个研究的基础,主要涉及留守儿童孤独感的探索性和验证性因素分析、发展特征探讨；第二部分是整个研究的重点,主要涉及农村孤独感留守儿童对亲情缺失相关信息的信息加工偏好及信息加工自动化研究。综合本研究,得出了如下结论： (1)自编的农村留守儿童孤独感的测量工具——农村留守儿童孤独感问卷,具有可接受的心理测量学指标。 (2)农村留守儿童孤独感由亲子关系、社会关系、同伴关系三个一阶因素构成。 (3)农村留守儿童由父母外出导致的孤独感不存在性别差异,但存在年级差异,呈现出随着年级升高,孤独感随之下降的趋势。 (4)农村留守儿童的孤独感与父母的外出类型不存在显著差异。但农村留守儿童的孤独感与父母的外出类型在个别因素上存在显著差异,在社会关系因素上存在显著差异,表现为父亲外出父母都外出母亲外出。 (5)农村留守儿童的代养人类型上不存在显著差异,但在个别因素上存在显著差异,在与父亲的相处关系中存在显著的年级差异,表现为其他人代养妈妈代养祖父或祖母代养叔叔/伯伯/舅舅或婶婶/姨妈/舅妈代养。 (6)孤独感农村留守儿童对亲情缺失相关信息进行加工时产生负性编码偏好及负性编码偏向,表现为对在正性和负性亲情缺失相关信息句子编码出更多的负性句子条目,较少的正性句子条目；对负性句子条目的负偏向较大,而正性、中性条目正偏向较小。 (7)孤独感农村留守儿童对亲情缺失相关信息进行加工时产生负性记忆偏好及负性记忆偏向,表现为在正性条件下回忆出的正性条目数量显著更少,但是在负性条件下回忆出的负性条目数量却显著更多；中性条件下,是家庭孤独组和同伴孤独组回忆出的负性条目多；在正性条件下为正偏向,负性和中性条件下均为负偏向。 (8)孤独感农村留守儿童对亲情缺失相关信息进行加工时产生负启动效应,具体表现为反应速度较慢,出现抑制现象。 (9)孤独感农村留守儿童对亲情缺失相关信息进行加工时产生阈下负启动效应,具体表现为孤独感儿童对亲情缺失相关信息进行了抑制,从而导致反应时延长,其中孤独感农村留守儿童对与启动词不一致的目标刺激加工时间相对更长。综上所述,本研究在心下几个方面有所创新和突破：第一,探索并初步构建了留守儿童孤独感的结构模型,探索了留守儿童孤独感的发展特征。第二,编制了符合心理测量学规范的《留守儿童孤独感问卷》,初步解决了留守儿童孤独感的测量工具问题。第三,通过系列行为实验证实了留守儿童孤独感存在信息加工偏好和信息加工自动化现象。第四,综合化的研究取向和多种方法、手段的运用,为孤独感研究提供了新思路。
[Abstract]:Loneliness is a research field that has been widely concerned by Chinese and Western psychologists for the past 30 years.2004 years ago, the special group of left behind children in rural areas has gradually attracted the attention of all walks of life in China. The academic circles have also begun to study the loneliness of children left behind. Wang Liangfeng, Zhang Shun and others (2006) have found that there is a high loneliness among the left behind children. The ratio of 17.6%.Liu, Sun and so on (2010) in the investigation of Chinese left behind children found that the lack of parental affection leads to a lower self-concept and a higher loneliness of the left behind children. However, the existing research, including the cognitive processing theory angle, mainly uses the theoretical analysis and the questionnaire to investigate the status of the loneliness of the left behind children, the causes, and the education The strategy is carried out to analyze the cognitive processing characteristics of lonely individuals with lack of related information, and the analysis of the cognitive processing characteristics of the left behind children's lack of related information has important theoretical price to improve the loneliness of the left behind children, to cultivate their social emotional ability and to improve their quality of life. Value and practical significance.
This study adopts the method of questionnaire, interview and experiment to systematically discuss the characteristics of the loneliness of the children left behind in rural areas and the information processing characteristics of the related information. The whole study is divided into 2 parts, which are composed of 6 studies. The first part is the basis of the whole study, which mainly involves the loneliness of the left behind children. The second part is the focus of the whole study, which mainly involves the information processing preference and the automation of information processing for the left behind children of rural loneliness.
(1) a self-designed questionnaire for measuring loneliness in rural left behind children, which has an acceptable psychometric index.
(2) the loneliness of rural left behind children consists of three first-order factors: parent-child relationship, social relationship and peer relationship.
(3) there is no gender difference in loneliness among the children left behind in rural areas, but there is a grade difference, which shows a tendency to decrease with the increase of grade.
(4) there is no significant difference between the loneliness of the children left behind in rural areas and the type of parents' outgoing. However, there are significant differences in the loneliness of the left behind children and the types of parents' outgoing, and the significant difference in social relations between the parents and their parents.
(5) there is no significant difference in the type of the generation of the children of the rural left behind, but there are significant differences in some individual factors. There are significant grade differences in the relationship with the father, which is expressed by the grandparents of other people for their grandparents and uncle / uncle / aunt / aunt / aunt / aunt.
(6) the negative coding preference and negative encoding bias of the children left behind in the loneliness of the rural left behind were negative and negative, which showed that more negative sentence items were encoded and fewer positive sentence items were encoded in the positive and negative family missing information sentences, and negative sentences were negatively biased and positive. Sex items are slightly smaller.
(7) the negative memory preference and negative memory bias were produced when the children left behind in the lonely rural areas, which showed that the number of positive items recalled under positive conditions was significantly less, but the number of negative items recollect under the negative condition was significantly more; under the neutral condition, it was the lonely group in the family and in the neutral condition. There were more negative items in peer loneliness group, positive bias in positive condition, negative bias in negative and neutral conditions.
(8) loneliness in rural left behind children has negative priming effect when processing related information of family loss, which is manifested by slow reaction and inhibition.
(9) the children left behind in the lonely rural areas have a negative threshold effect when processing the relative information of the absence of the relatives. The specific expression is that the lonely children inhibit the related information of the absence of the relatives, which leads to the prolongation of the response time.
To sum up, this study has some innovations and breakthroughs in the following aspects: first, we explored and initially constructed the structural model of the loneliness of left behind children, explored the development characteristics of the loneliness of the left behind children. Second, a questionnaire of loneliness of left behind children was compiled in accordance with the norms of psychometrics, which preliminarily solved the measurement of loneliness of left behind children. Third, through a series of behavioral experiments, it is proved that the loneliness of the left behind children has information processing preference and information processing automation. Fourth, comprehensive research orientation and a variety of methods, and the use of means, provide new ideas for the study of loneliness.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.5

【引证文献】