全球化背景下的上海市贫困社区：空间分布与形成机制

发布时间：2018-07-10 18:43

本文选题：贫困集聚 + 贫困社区　；参考：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文关注城市贫困的空间性,具体而言是城市贫困集聚的特点和形成机制。贫困空间集聚和贫困社区形成是国际城市的一个典型特征。随着城市化的加速和城市经济转型,不同社会阶层之间的收入差距拉大,城市贫困阶层迅速形成、扩大和多元化。收入不平等在空间上表现为贫困社区的存在,贫困社区成为城市贫困生态的重要部分。解决城市贫困问题成为政府面临的重要挑战。研究以物质形态为划分贫困社区的依据,利用Google Earth中的遥感图像,绘制出上海市的贫困空间集聚图。结果显示,上海市的贫困社区在近郊块状分布,在内环线内零星独立地分布。依据各街道的人口构成、地理位置、住房类型等标准,可分为原“棚户区”聚集区,动迁安置基地,外来人口聚集区(“城中村”)。在时空变化上,上海市贫困人口的分布在90年代前,基本延续了解放前的格局。而90年代至今近20年的经济改革和城市发展,深刻影响到上海市贫困人口的分布：贫困人口在构成上呈现多元化特征,在空间分布上呈现郊区化和集中化特征。上海市贫困社区的存在和形成,是多种因素共同作用的结果：全球化背景下外来资本的进入、地方政府对全球化城市地位的追求,以当地的制度为媒介,与当地的经济、制度因素共同作用于城市贫困人口。带来贫困人口的增加,及贫困人口在空间上的聚集而形成的。贫困群体构成的多元化和空间上的郊区化、集中化,要求我们重新思考当前的扶贫策略。即采取以社区为目标的扶贫政策：由多个政府部门联合制定的综合性计划：通过改善贫困社区的居住环境,吸引外来资金,促进社区的发展和就业机会的增加；开放贫困人口进入那些具有更多资源和机会的区域。贫困人口在提高自身知识、技能的同时,获得更多就业机会,增加收入,从而有能力改变自身的贫困状况,摆脱个人和社区的困境。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the spatial nature of urban poverty, specifically the characteristics and formation mechanism of urban poverty agglomeration. The spatial agglomeration of poverty and the formation of poor communities are typical characteristics of international cities. With the acceleration of urbanization and the transformation of urban economy, the income gap between different social strata is widening, and the urban poor class has rapidly formed, expanded and diversified. Income inequality is reflected in the existence of poor communities in space, and poor communities become an important part of urban poor ecology. Solving the problem of urban poverty has become an important challenge facing the government. Based on the physical form of the poor communities and the remote sensing images of Google Earth, the spatial agglomeration map of poverty in Shanghai was drawn. The results show that the poor communities in Shanghai are distributed in the suburbs and scattered independently in the inner loop. According to the population composition, geographical location, housing type and other criteria of each street, it can be divided into the former "shantytown" gathering area, the resettlement base, the immigrant population concentrated area ("village in the city"). In temporal and spatial changes, the distribution of the poor population in Shanghai before 1990's, basically continued the pattern before liberation. However, the economic reform and urban development in recent 20 years from 1990s to now have a profound impact on the distribution of the poor population in Shanghai: the poor population presents the characteristics of diversification in composition and suburbanization and centralization in spatial distribution. The existence and formation of poor communities in Shanghai is the result of various factors: the entry of foreign capital under the background of globalization, the local governments' pursuit of the status of globalized cities, the local institutions as the medium, and the local economy. Institutional factors act together on the urban poor. It brings about an increase in the number of people living in poverty, and the accumulation of poor people in space. The diversification of the poor groups and the suburbanization and centralization of the space require us to rethink the current poverty reduction strategies. The adoption of community-oriented poverty alleviation policies: a comprehensive plan developed jointly by various government departments to promote community development and increase employment opportunities by improving the living environment of poor communities and attracting external funding; Open access to regions with more resources and opportunities for the poor. While improving their knowledge and skills, the poor can gain more employment opportunities and incomes, thus being able to change their poverty and extricate themselves from the plight of individuals and communities.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.81

【引证文献】