理解青少年越轨行为：内部声音及外部因素

发布时间：2018-07-12 10:38

本文选题：青少年 + 越轨行为　；参考：《上海社会科学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,青少年越轨行为逐渐增多且呈现低龄化的趋向。在青少年阶段出现的越轨行为,对青少年自身的处境、他人对青少年的评判以及青少年未来的发展都有很大影响。探究青少年对自身越轨行为的解读以及青少年越轨行为背后的影响因素对于进一步了解青少年越轨行为具有重要意义。文中的"越轨行为",主要指青少年在成长过程中由于无法适应正常的学校和家庭生活而出现的对自身成长、家庭和社会造成阻碍的偏离常态的行为,具体包括逃学、打架、离家出走、偷窃等。研究采用参与式观察、访谈以及问卷调查等方法,以上海市某所工读学校的在读学生为研究对象,旨在"倾听"青少年对自身越轨行为的理解,尝试以青少年的视角解读越轨行为背后的意义,反映青少年内部的声音;同时,聚焦青少年越轨行为的影响因素,力图呈现青少年越轨行为的过程性演变,探究主、客观之间的相互作用,为改善青少年越轨行为的实践提供参考。本文共分五章:第一章阐述研究问题。通过分析青少年越轨行为的趋势以及当前研究集中的主要方向,阐述本研究的背景、意义及主要问题。第二章是文献综述。主要对越轨行为的定义以及相关理论和研究进行梳理。包括社会失范、社会控制、社会学习、自我控制和一般压力等理论及其相关研究;重在分析以往研究对青少年越轨行为的理解、相关影响因素以及介入策略等。第三章介绍本文的理论框架和主要研究方法。采用标签理论和一般压力理论视角对青少年的越轨行为进行理解和分析。并通过问卷调查、参与式观察和访谈收集收据。在上海某一工读学校和上海某一普通中学选取存在越轨行为的13名青少年作为深入访问对象,对这些青少年进行为期六个月的参与式观察,并对学生家长和老师进行访谈。同时,在上海另2所工读学校选取207名学生施以问卷调查,并与同期调查的普通学校学生进行比较;最后对访谈及数据资料加以整合和分析。第四章介绍研究发现。其一,存在越轨行为的青少年,对于自身越轨行为的解读与外界不一致,这些青少年更多地将越轨视为一种抗争方式或者压力释放的途径,他们对未来的理解依据越轨程度的不同存在一定的差异。其二,家庭因素(对家庭的总体感受、吵架的程度、父亲的学历、家庭收入、主观家庭经济地位)、朋辈因素(朋友数目、对朋辈越轨行为的态度)、学校因素(学习困难、在之前学校的能否参与班级活动、同学或老师的忽视)、自身因素为影响越轨行为的因素。其三,养育方式、亲子关系、同辈影响、学校经历等单一因素大多不直接导致越轨行为的产生,而这些因素的累积效应最终导致青少年出现越轨行为。其四,内外因素存在交互作用。提升青少年自我控制(self-control)、心理弹性(resilience,亦可译为"韧性"、"抗逆力"、"复原力"等),增强家庭、学校等社会支持效力以及建立良好的朋辈关系等,是减轻或阻断越轨行为后续不利影响的关键策略。第五章结论与反思。对目前的研究进行总结和讨论,探讨青少年越轨行为背后的真正意义、相关青少年的未来发展以及能够对青少年越轨行为产生有利影响的方式和途径。
[Abstract]:In recent years, juvenile deviant behavior has gradually increased and presents a trend of low age. The deviant behavior in the adolescent stage has a great influence on the young people's own situation, the judgment of the young people and the future development of young people. The ringing factor is of great significance for further understanding of juvenile deviant behavior. The "deviant behavior" in this article mainly refers to the deviant behavior of teenagers in the process of growing up, family and society, including playing truant, fighting and leaving home, because they are unable to adapt to normal school and family life in the process of growth. By means of participatory observation, interview and questionnaire investigation, the study aims to "listen" to the understanding of the deviant behavior of the teenagers in a work reading school in Shanghai, trying to interpret the meaning behind the deviant behavior from the perspective of teenagers and to reflect the voice of the teenagers; at the same time, focus on the youth. The influencing factors of deviant behavior in the year are trying to present the process evolution of juvenile deviant behavior, explore the interaction between the subjective and objective, and provide reference for improving the practice of juvenile deviant behavior. This article is divided into five chapters: the first chapter expounds the research issues. The trend of the juvenile delinquency and the main part of the current research concentration is analyzed. To explain the background, significance and main problems of this study. The second chapter is a literature review. It mainly deals with the definition of deviant behavior and related theories and studies, including social anomie, social control, social learning, self-control and general pressure, and its related studies. The emphasis is on the analysis of past Research on juvenile deviant behavior. Understanding, related factors and intervention strategies. The third chapter introduces the theoretical framework and main research methods of this article. It uses the label theory and the general pressure theory to understand and analyze the deviant behavior of young people. Through the questionnaire survey, participatory observation and interview collect the receipts. In a work school in Shanghai and Shanghai, A general secondary school selected 13 adolescents who had deviant behavior as an in-depth interview, conducted a six month participant observation and interviewed the parents and teachers of the students. At the same time, a questionnaire was selected by 207 students in 2 other school reading schools in Shanghai and compared with the ordinary school students who were investigated at the same time. The fourth chapter introduces the research discovery. First, the teenagers who have deviant behavior are not consistent with the outside world. These teenagers regard the deviance as a way of resistance or the way to release the pressure, and their understanding of the future is based on the deviant path. Second, family factors (the overall feelings of the family, the degree of the quarrel, the father's degree, the family income, the subjective family economic status), the peer factors (the number of friends, the attitude of the peer deviant to the peer), the school factors (learning difficulties, the ability to participate in the class activities before the school, the neglect of the students or teachers. " Self factors are the factors that affect deviant behavior. Thirdly, most of the single factors such as parenting style, parent-child relationship, peer influence, school experience and other factors do not directly result in deviant behavior, and the cumulative effects of these factors ultimately lead to juvenile deviant behavior. (self-control), mental resilience (resilience, can also be translated as "resilience", "resilience", "resilience", etc.), strengthening the social support effectiveness of families, schools and so on, is a key strategy to mitigate or block the subsequent adverse effects of deviant behavior. The fifth chapter conclusions and Reflections. The true meaning of young people's deviant behavior is related to the future development of adolescents and ways and means that can have beneficial effects on adolescent deviant behavior.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.5

【参考文献】