局部之恶皆普遍之善：有关贪婪的性质与悖论之多层面研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 17:31

本文选题：贪婪 + 悖论性　；参考：《南昌大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：贪污,收贿,腐败,战争,朝代更替,犯罪以及各种因抢夺资源,市场,权力而引发的残酷竞争都可与人性贪婪相联系。经济繁荣,科技进步及各领域创新,生活水平提高及新大陆发现也亦如此。人性贪婪塑造了人类和社会,但一直像谜一般未被深入研究。鉴于此,本文打算从概念及经验方面探求人性贪婪,包括其本质,表现,功能和结果,特别是其产生的悖论性。本文由六个篇章组成。第一章为引言,介绍了本文的研究对象和理论依据。第二章从贪婪的定义出发,希冀为本文的讨论提供词汇基础。继而从哲学,社会学,经济学,心理学,生物学和宗教学方面来阐述概念意义上的贪婪本质。本章的结论是人性贪婪概念的研究会导致不同观点产生,应当有经验意义上的看法加以补充阐述。相应地,第三章以罗素的观点,斯坦贝克的描述,及地理,科技发明和商业上的实例来继续阐述人性贪婪本质的积极与消极方面。结论是人性贪婪极具复杂性,需要进一步研究。第四章的讨论集中于贪婪的悖论性,包括其与人性价值的关系,悖论性的影响,个体与整体的关系以及资本主义的控制。作为人类的识别特征和原动力,贪婪不能仅仅定义为获得和失去,它反映了人类存在的悖论本质以及我们生活环境的复杂性。因此,讨论在第五章随之转向现代社会中的异化存在及出路。在第五章中,马克思的异化观点得以阐述,并与如何应对人性贪婪的策略相联系。著名的辩证原理再一次声明：自由王国指人们认识和掌握了社会历史的必然性和规律,使自己成了自然界和社会的主人,从自然界和社会领域的盲目力量的支配和奴役下解放出来,从而能自觉地创造自己的历史的这样一种状态。本文最后以辩证的观点审视了社会中具有悖论性的事件,并重申辩证法在我们对社会现象判断及社会发展中发挥的指导性作用。“局部之恶皆为普遍之善”,确实如此。那么,普遍之善亦可为局部之恶吗?辩证而言,这是具有可行性的：当积极影响发展到极限,消极影响就会累积到一定程度发挥反作用。众所周知,一切成就和享乐都是有代价的。为了减少所付出的代价,就必须避免过度。这一真知是由我们的祖先传下来的,但由于总是被我们忘却而得以不断重申。这种观点同样适用于人性贪婪。
[Abstract]:Corruption, bribery, corruption, war, dynasty change, crime and all kinds of cruel competition caused by resources, market and power can all be associated with human greed. The same is true of economic prosperity, technological progress and innovation in all fields, living standards and the discovery of the New World. Human greed has shaped human and society, but has not been studied in depth as a riddle. In view of this, this paper intends to explore the concept and experience of human greed, including its essence, performance, function and results, especially its paradox. This paper consists of six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the research object and theoretical basis of this paper. The second chapter is based on the definition of greed, hoping to provide a lexical basis for this discussion. Then the conceptual nature of greed is expounded in terms of philosophy, sociology, economics, psychology, biology and religion. The conclusion of this chapter is that the study of the concept of human greed will lead to different views, which should be supplemented by empirical views. Accordingly, Chapter III continues to illustrate the positive and negative aspects of the nature of human greed in Russell's view, Steinbeck's description, and geographical, technological and commercial examples. The conclusion is that human greed is extremely complex and needs further study. The fourth chapter focuses on the paradox of greed, including its relationship with the value of human nature, the effect of paradox, the relationship between individual and whole, and the control of capitalism. As the distinguishing feature and motive force of human beings, greed is not only defined as gain and loss, but also reflects the paradoxical nature of human existence and the complexity of our living environment. Therefore, in the fifth chapter, it turns to the existence and outlet of alienation in modern society. In the fifth chapter, Marx's dissimilation view can be explained and linked with the strategy of dealing with human greed. The famous dialectical principle once again states: the free kingdom refers to the fact that people understand and master the inevitability and law of social history, making themselves masters of nature and society. Liberated from the domination and enslavement of the blind forces of nature and social fields, it can consciously create its own history in such a state. In the end, this paper examines the paradoxical events in society from a dialectical point of view, and reiterates the guiding role of dialectics in our judgment of social phenomena and social development. It is true that local evil is universal good. So, can universal good be part of evil? Dialectically, this is feasible: when positive effects reach their limits, negative effects accumulate to a certain extent to play a counteractive role. It is well known that all achievements and enjoyment come at a price. In order to reduce the cost, we must avoid excessive. This truth is passed down by our ancestors, but it is repeated because it is always forgotten. The same applies to human greed.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.1

【共引文献】