区域、阶级与乡村役畜分配——以20世纪30-50年代山西省为例

发布时间：2018-07-13 20:18

【摘要】：役畜是中国传统乡村重要的生产资料和家庭财富。本研究利用新的资料分析发现,20世纪30—50年代山西乡村役畜分配在区域和阶级上具有明显的不均衡和不平等的特点。区域上,晋南多牛,晋北多驴、骡;平原多牛、马,丘陵、山地多驴。数量上,地主、富农阶级占有的役畜较多,中农、贫农阶级占有的役畜较少。类型上,地主、富农多马、骡,中农、贫农多牛、驴,这与不同阶级的生产经营方式密切关联。役畜分配结构因家户经济结构、地理区位等因素而呈现多样性和复杂性,并受疫病、灾荒、战争等因素影响发生动态演变。土改对于役畜阶级分配的影响是有限度的,土改后至高级社入社前,役畜分配发生的新动向,很大程度上体现了乡村社会经济演变的传统。整体而言,20世纪30—50年代山西乡村地区役畜比较贫乏,这是家户间互助合作的重要背景,也是理解中国共产党推行农业集体化的一个关键原因。
[Abstract]:Livestock is an important means of production and family wealth in traditional Chinese villages. Based on the analysis of new data, it is found that the distribution of rural servitude livestock in Shanxi Province in the 30-50 's of the 20th century has obvious characteristics of imbalance and inequality in the area and class. Area, Jinnan cattle, Jinbei many donkeys, mules; plain cattle, horses, hills, mountain donkey. In terms of quantity, the landlords and the rich peasants have more servitude and livestock, while the middle peasants and the poor peasants occupy less. The types of landlords, rich peasants, mules, middle peasants, poor peasants, and donkeys are closely related to the production and management of different classes. The distribution structure of servitude and livestock presents diversity and complexity because of household economic structure, geographical location and so on, and it is affected by epidemic disease, famine, war and so on. The influence of land reform on the distribution of serve-livestock classes is limited. After the land reform, the new trend of the distribution of servitude and livestock has largely reflected the tradition of social and economic evolution in rural areas. As a whole, in the 30-50 's of the 20th century, the rural areas of Shanxi Province were relatively poor, which was an important background for the mutual aid and cooperation between families and also a key reason for understanding the collectivization of agriculture carried out by the Communist Party of China.
【作者单位】：山西大学中国社会史研究中心;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大招标项目“当代中国农村基层档案资料搜集、整理与出版”(项目编号:12&ZD147)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：C912.82;F329

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