北京外来知识青年群体的生存困境及其对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 21:50

【摘要】：流动人口问题研究在人口学领域一直都是社会、政府及学术界关注的热点之一。自上个世纪80年代以来,随着我国人口政策的松动和改革开放的推进,生活在城市中的流动人口不仅有农民工群体,还有一个隐身于人们关注的焦点之外的但又客观真实存在的一个特殊群体----外来知识青年群体。在庞大的流动人口大军中,当农民工群体日益成为新闻媒体、文学作品和学术界的关注主题和焦点时,外来知识青年群体却游离于人们的关注之外。他们既没有纳入政府、社会组织的管理体系之中,也很少出现在研究者的视野之中。随着我国城市化、工业化、现代化进程的加快,北京作为全国政治、经济和文化中心,其特有的城市性质和物质、文化条件,对流动人口具有更强的吸引力,尤其是对外来知识青年的吸引。越来越多的外来知识青年留在北京,不愿回原籍或去其它城市发展。尽管外来知识青年还没有形成社会学意义上的“社会阶层”,但就在北京日益呈现出的“外来知识青年群体”这一现象应该引起社会的充分重视。随着我国高等教育日益的普及化以及就业形势的严峻性,这一群体的规模也将不断扩人。他们在北京的生存状况,他们的生活和社会保障问题也日益突显,在很大程度上也影响着这一群体存在与发展的稳定性。北京市外米知识青年群体是一群具有一定的文化知识的青年群体,他们的生存困境不仅关系到这一群体在北京的生活质量、价值观念,也关系到社会的稳定与发展。基于以上认识,本文立足以首都—北京为调查对象,利用调查所获得数据,对这一群体的群体特征、流动的原因以及真实的生存状况进行了深入的分析和探讨,探求了解决这一群体相关问题的对策及建议。本文一共分为五部分：第一章绪论对研究背景及意义,国内外研究综述、相关概念界定以及研究目标、研究内容和研究方法进行了具体的论述。这是本文进行调查研究的基础。第二章主要采用了“个案访谈”和“问卷调查”两种方法对北京市外来知识青年进行了深度调查和分析。第一部分,利用“流动人口”理论框架中的“流动人口”的成因理论,“推力”与“拉力”分析了此群体形成的原因。第二部分,利用调查数据分析得出此群体现在的基本生存状况。工作状况：工作的基本状况、起步艰难,有的还被骗、工作不稳定以及就业所考虑的因素。生活状况包括居住状况、交通状况和日常开支。社会关系状况包括社会交往和文化适应。网络利益表达状况包括：网络的用途、网络对工作和学习的影响、网络对人际交往的影响、对网络的依赖程度。利益表达方式主要阐述了此群体在遇到困难或利益受到侵害时是如何利用何种表达方式来维护自己的利益。情感状况包括单身状态、未婚先同居、已婚但不安定描述了此群体现在的情感状况。第三部分主要论述了北京外来知识青年群体的基本特征。主要从人口学特征、社会学特征、心理特征和文化特征进行了详细分析。第三章,利用调查结果分析得出此群体存在的主要问题：工作问题、住房问题、户口问题和社会保障、福利待遇问题。第四章,根据个案访谈和我国的相关政策,总结出形成此群体存在问题的原因。第五章在前文讨论的基础上,为政府、社会和学术界关注这一群体和改善这一群体的现状提出了几点建议：一是需要政府方面的支持,推动政策与制度的改革,更需要加强法律保护;二是需要此群体成员从自身方面做起,主动与适应自己所生活的环境；三是需要社会层面的支持和关注,加强宣传教育和服务指导,增强“北京外来知识青年们”的城市自豪感,提高北京市民的接纳能力；加强社区管理,丰富文化活动,强化“北京外来知识青年们”的社区归属感。
[Abstract]:The study of floating population has always been one of the hot spots in the field of demography. Since 80s last century, with the loosening of China's population policy and the promotion of reform and opening up, the floating population living in the city is not only a group of migrant workers but also a hidden focus outside the focus of people's attention. But a special group, an external knowledge youth group, is an objective and real group. In the large floating population army, when the migrant workers are increasingly becoming the news media, literary works and academia's focus and focus, the foreign knowledge youth groups are free from the attention of the people. They have not been included in the government and the social group. With the rapid development of urbanization, industrialization and modernization in China, Beijing, as the national political, economic and cultural center, has a strong attraction to the urban, economic and cultural centers of the country as a national political, economic and cultural center. More and more young knowledge-based young people remain in Beijing, unwilling to return to their native or other cities. Although the young intellectuals have not yet formed a sociological sense of "social stratum", the phenomenon of "foreign knowledge youth group" which is increasingly presented in Beijing should lead to the full attention of the society. The growing popularity and the grim employment situation will expand the scale of this group. Their living conditions in Beijing, their life and social security issues are also increasingly highlighted, to a large extent, the stability of the existence and development of this group. The knowledge youth group outside Beijing is a group of certain The plight of the young people with cultural knowledge is not only related to the quality of life, values and social stability and development of this group in Beijing. Based on the above understanding, this article is sufficient to make the capital - Beijing as an investigation object and use the data obtained from the survey to analyze the group characteristics of this group, the reasons for its flow and the truth. The real survival situation has been thoroughly analyzed and explored, and countermeasures and suggestions for solving this group's related problems have been explored.
This article is divided into five parts: the first chapter is the introduction to the research background and significance, the domestic and foreign research review, the definition of related concepts and research objectives, research content and research methods. This is the basis of this paper.
The second chapter mainly uses two methods of "case interview" and "questionnaire survey" to make a deep investigation and analysis of the outside knowledge young people in Beijing. The first part, using the theory of "floating population" in the framework of "floating population", "thrust" and "pull" analysis the cause of the formation of this group. Second parts, Using the survey data to analyze the basic living conditions of this group. The basic situation of the work: the basic situation of the work, the difficult start, some deception, the instability of the work and the factors considered in the employment. The living conditions include the living conditions, the traffic conditions and the daily expenses. The social customs include social interaction and cultural adaptation. The state of interest expression includes the use of the network, the influence of the network on work and learning, the influence of the network on interpersonal communication, and the degree of dependence on the network. The way of interest expression mainly expounds how the group uses the way of expression to maintain its own interests when it meets the difficulties or the interests are violated. The emotional state includes the state of being single. Unmarried cohabitation, married but unsettled describes the present emotional state of this group. The third part mainly discusses the basic characteristics of the young people in Beijing, mainly from the demographic characteristics, sociological features, psychological characteristics and cultural characteristics.
In the third chapter, we use the findings to analyze the main problems of this group: work, housing, household registration, social security and welfare.
The fourth chapter, based on case interviews and related policies in China, summarizes the reasons for the existence of this group.
The fifth chapter, on the basis of the previous discussion, puts forward some suggestions for the government, the society and the academic community to pay attention to this group and to improve the current situation of this group: first, it needs the support of the government, the reform of policy and system, the more need to strengthen the legal protection; and the two is that the members of this group need to start from themselves, take the initiative and adapt themselves to themselves. The environment of our own life; three is to support and pay attention to the social level, strengthen the publicity and education and service guidance, strengthen the sense of urban pride of "Beijing foreign knowledge young people", improve the acceptance of Beijing citizens, strengthen community management, enrich cultural activities, and strengthen the sense of community belonging of "Beijing foreign knowledge young people".
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C913.5

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