农村老年人对子女孝行为的期望、获得与评价研究

发布时间：2018-07-18 08:33

【摘要】：在计划生育国策、城镇化进程加速、劳动力市场竞争加剧的背景下,农村养老危机和城市“啃老”问题凸显,其挑战了费孝通提出的“反馈模式”,由此引发了学界一场关于“孝道是否衰落”的争论。通过梳理已有文献,我们发现:关于孝道评价的主体,已有文献多从社会或学者自身视角进行探究,却忽视从最重要的评价主体——亲代(孝道支持的直接获得者)视角进行研究;关于孝道评价的客体,已有文献多是笼统对所有子女进行孝道评价,却忽视了多子女问题对研究结论准确性的影响;关于孝道评价的内容,已有文献多从供给视角即子女孝行为研究孝道评价,却忽视了从需求视角即亲代的孝道期望进行研究,自然也未能从供给与需求间差距的视角进行研究。基于此,本研究利用湖北省红安县6镇13个村的调查数据,拟从供求视角来综合探讨农村老年人对子女孝行为的孝道评价。需要指出,本研究中的“子女”主要指在世且年龄最大的子女。研究发现:第一,当前农村老年人对子女的孝道期望并不高。主要表现在两方面,一是在自己年老无法照顾自己、经济紧张等困难时刻子女可以尽孝,二是子女在闲暇时可回家或打电话给家里。子女能力、自身能力、家庭子女结构是影响孝道期望的重要因素。结构性压力的背景下,受“责任伦理”的影响农村老年人的孝道期望相对较低,孝道期望不会受子女家庭经济状况、家庭抚养比和自身的家庭经济状况、健康状况的影响,在子女数较多或者该子女身体健康状况较差时甚至会进一步降低对该子女的孝道期望,但是一旦丧偶,通过配偶来互助养老的愿景就会破灭,他们就不得不提高对子女的孝道期望。此外,受“荞麦不算粮,女儿不养娘”的影响,农村老年人对儿子的孝道期望要高于对女儿的孝道期望,但是对于纯女户家庭而言,受家庭结构的制约,他们不得不提高对女儿的孝道期望。第二,结合农村老年人的孝道期望发现,当前农村子女的尽孝情况较好,基本达到了农村老年人的要求。我们发现,结构性压力背景下子女尽孝呈现出通过增加经济支持方面的孝行为来弥补生活照料方面孝行为缺位的倾向;农村老年人获得的子女孝道支持受到子女能力、父母能力、家庭子女结构的影响,如子女的健康状况、居住距离、被访者是否丧偶、子女数是重要的影响因素。然而,我们也发现:(1)子女的孝行为也存在一定的功利化倾向;(2)尽管男性老年人与女性老年人的孝道期望不存在差异,但男性老年人获得的子女孝道支持却低于女性老年人;(3)尽管农村老年人对儿子的孝道期望要高于对女儿的孝道期望,但是获得儿子的孝道支持与获得女儿的孝道支持却不存在差异,女儿养老逐渐凸显。第三,当前农村老年人对子女的孝道评价普遍偏好,也基本上不认同当前学界流行的关于不孝的说法。农村老年人进行孝道评价时并不是简单根据获得的子女孝道支持(供给)或自己的孝道期望(需求)进行评判,而是结合自己对该子女的孝道期望(需求),根据其孝行为满足其孝道期望的情况来进行评判,这是农村老年人孝道评价的机理。此外,研究发现农村老年人对女儿的孝道评价要高于对儿子的孝道评价,结合其孝道期望与获得的子女孝道支持情况,农村老年人孝道评价的机理被进一步验证。
[Abstract]:In the context of the national policy of family planning, the acceleration of urbanization and the intensification of the labor market competition, the rural pension crisis and the "gnawing" problem of the city are prominent, which challenges the "feedback mode" proposed by Fei Xiaotong, which has triggered a debate about the decline of filial piety. The main body of the evaluation of Tao has been studied from the perspective of society or scholars, but it ignores the study of the most important evaluation subject, the parent (the direct winner of filial piety support), and the object of the evaluation of filial piety is that most of the literature is in general on the evaluation of all children, but the problem of multiple children is ignored. Conclusion the effect of accuracy; on the content of the evaluation of filial piety, there is a lot of literature from the perspective of supply of filial piety, but neglects the study of filial expectancy from the perspective of demand, which is not the gap between supply and demand. Based on this, this study uses 6 towns in Hong'an County of Hubei province 13 From the survey data of the village, it is intended to evaluate the filial piety of the children in rural areas from the perspective of supply and demand. It is necessary to point out that the "children" in this study mainly refers to the children of the world and the oldest. The research finds that the first, the current rural elderly people are not high in filial piety for their children. The main performance is two aspects, one is in their own. Old age can not take care of themselves, economic stress and other difficult times, children can be filial, two is children in leisure time to go home or call home. Children's ability, their ability, family structure is an important factor affecting the expectation of filial piety. Under the background of structural pressure, the "responsibility ethics" influence the rural elderly filial expectation phase At the lower level, the expectation of filial piety will not be affected by the family economic condition of the children, the family support ratio and the family economic condition, the health condition, and even further reduce the filial expectation to the children when the number of children is more or the children's health is poor, but a denier spouse will help each other to help each other. Disillusioned, they have to improve their filial expectancy for their children. In addition, influenced by the "buckwheat not counting grain, the daughter does not foster mother", the elderly people in the countryside expect the filial piety of their sons to be higher than their daughters' filial expectation, but for the pure female families, they have to raise their filial piety expectation to their daughters by the family structure. Second, According to the expectation of filial piety of the rural elderly, it is found that the filial piety of the rural children is better and basically meets the requirements of the rural elderly. We find that under the background of structural pressure, the children show the tendency to make up for the absence of filial piety by increasing the filial piety of the economic support; the rural elderly have acquired the filial piety. Children's filial piety support is affected by children's ability, parents' ability and family structure, such as the health of the children, the distance of living, the widow of the interviewees, the number of children is the important factor. However, we also find that (1) the filial piety of children also has a certain utilitarian tendency; (2) the filial piety of male and female elderly There is no difference in expectation, but the support of filial piety for the children of the old man is lower than that of the female old people; (3) although the expectancy of the filial piety of the old people in the countryside is higher than that of the daughter's filial piety, there is no difference between the son's filial support and the daughter's filial piety support, and the daughter's retirement is gradually highlighted. Third, the present age is present. The rural elderly have a general preference for their children's filial piety, and they also basically do not agree with the unfilial parlance prevailing in the current academic circles. It is the mechanism of the evaluation of filial piety for the elderly in rural areas. In addition, the study found that the evaluation of the filial piety of the old people in the countryside should be higher than the filial piety of the son, and the filial piety of the children and the filial piety of the children, and the evaluation of the filial piety of the elderly in the countryside. The reason is further verified.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.6;F323.6

【参考文献】