个案工作对老年抑郁症患者的介入研究

发布时间：2018-07-23 10:25

【摘要】：随着老龄化社会的来临,老年人的身体状况和生活质量的日益受到关注,与此同时,为了更好的应对老龄化带来的各种社会问题,帮助老年人度过一个幸福的晚年,社会各界对老年人的精神状况也愈加重视。抑郁症是老年人常见的精神疾病,要缓解老年抑郁症患者的症状,需要全面的关注其存在的问题,不仅仅集中在精神层面和身体层面,更要关注老年抑郁症患者的社会融入问题。通过研究现有的文献可以发现,在现阶段,大部分的专家学者对抑郁症的研究主要集中在抑郁症诊断、病因、老年抑郁症临床特征以及治疗护理等方面。关于社会工作介入老年抑郁症的研究是少之又少。特别是针对老年抑郁症精神层面和社会融入方面的研究更少。在为数不多的研究文献中,都是从宏观的角度看待社会工作对于老年抑郁症的介入,只是提出了社会工作的模式和一些工作方法。并没有去深入分析直接服务在改善老年抑郁症患者情况中的具体操作及效果。每位老年抑郁症患者面临的情况不同,表现出来的问题也不同,因而在运用社会工作的方法对老年抑郁症患者进行介入的时候,需要灵活地运用社会工作的技巧,分析其实际情况,制定针对性的服务方法。通过查阅文献资料、参与观察、个案访谈,分析影响老年抑郁症患者的原因并结合自身直接服务工作的经验制定出相应的服务计划。然后以个案的方式对老年抑郁症患者进行介入。本文以北京市西城区某社区的某老人为例,通过个案社会工作的方法介入来改变案主的情况。笔者把缓解案主情绪,增强案主的信心,改善案主的人际关系,发掘案主自身优势资源,建立案主的社会支持网络,最终协助案主融入正常社会生活作为目标。通过研究发现,对于老年抑郁症患者情况的改善,家庭、朋辈群体、社会的支持起着至关重要的作用。因而在运用个案工作介入老年抑郁症患者的过程中必须发挥社会支持网络的作用,并为缺乏支持网络的抑郁症患者建立支持网络。在实际开展工作的过程中,要把个案工作与家庭社会工作以及小组工作相结合,最大限度的为老年抑郁症患者提供全方位、多角度的围观微观服务。在以此为老年社会工作者提供一些借鉴和参考,为政府制定相关老年政策措施提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:With the advent of an aging society, the physical condition and quality of life of the elderly are receiving more and more attention. At the same time, in order to better deal with the various social problems brought by the aging, the elderly will be helped through a happy old age. People from all walks of life pay more and more attention to the mental condition of the elderly. Depression is a common mental disease in the elderly. In order to alleviate the symptoms of the elderly patients with depression, we need to pay attention to its existing problems, not only in the mental and physical level. We should pay more attention to the social integration of the elderly patients with depression. Through the study of the existing literature, it can be found that at this stage, the majority of experts and scholars mainly focus on the diagnosis of depression, etiology, clinical characteristics of depression in the elderly, as well as treatment and nursing. Research on social work intervention in elderly depression is rare. In particular, less research has been done on the mental and social integration aspects of depression in the elderly. In the few research literatures, the intervention of social work in senile depression is viewed from a macro perspective, but the mode of social work and some working methods are proposed. The operation and effect of direct service in improving elderly patients with depression were not analyzed in depth. Each elderly depression patient faces different situations and presents different problems. Therefore, when using social work to intervene in elderly depression patients, we need to use social work skills flexibly. Analysis of its actual situation, the development of targeted service methods. Through consulting literature, participating in observation, case interview, analyzing the causes of affecting elderly patients with depression and combining their own experience of direct service work to formulate the corresponding service plan. Then the elderly depression patients were involved in a case study. This paper takes an old man in a community in Xicheng District of Beijing as an example to change the situation of the victim by the method of individual social work. The author regards it as the goal to alleviate the victim's emotion, enhance his confidence, improve his interpersonal relationship, discover his own superior resources, establish his social support network, and finally assist him to integrate into normal social life. It is found that it plays an important role in the improvement of elderly depression patients, family, peer group and social support. Therefore, it is necessary to play the role of social support network in the process of using case work to intervene in elderly patients with depression, and to establish a support network for depression patients who lack the support network. In the process of practical work, case work should be combined with family social work and group work to provide all-round, multi-angle and microscopic services to elderly patients with depression. In order to provide some reference for the elderly social workers and provide scientific basis for the government to formulate policies and measures related to the elderly.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.6

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