中国城乡关系的理想类型——基于一种文化转型人类学的探索

发布时间：2018-08-17 19:40

【摘要】：人类学往往将村落作为研究中国的基本单位,却忽视了城市也是文明载体的重要形式之一。本文回顾中国城市从古代到现代历史发展进程,认为古代城市虽几经变迁,其背后的城市宇宙观保持不变,体现了天人合一的儒家文化,其实质是人、神、自然相互融入的思维。在体现融入思维的儒家文化统合下,城市与乡村相互联系,互惠互补;然而,东西方文化的再次接触,这种思维被西方主客观二元对立的思维所取代。与此同时,受到世界市场的冲击,城乡逐渐发展出剥削与被剥削的关系,这一关系在中国实现现代化的迫切诉求中得到加强,并塑造了城乡二元结构。本文希望借鉴传统中国的融入思维,对理想中国下的理想城乡做出憧憬,为处于转型时期的中国做出指导。
[Abstract]:Anthropology often regards villages as the basic unit of research in China, but neglects that cities are also an important form of civilization. This paper reviews the development process of Chinese cities from ancient to modern history, and holds that although ancient cities have undergone several changes, the urban cosmology behind them remains unchanged, which embodies the Confucian culture of the unity of nature and man, the essence of which is human beings and gods. The thought that nature melts into each other. Under the integration of Confucian culture which embodies the integration of thinking, cities and villages are interrelated and mutually complementary. However, with the re-contact of eastern and western cultures, this kind of thinking is replaced by the thought of the dualistic opposition of the West and the subjective and objective. At the same time, under the impact of the world market, the relationship between exploitation and exploitation has gradually developed between urban and rural areas, which has been strengthened in the urgent demand of modernization in China, and has shaped the dual structure of urban and rural areas. This paper hopes to draw lessons from the traditional Chinese integration thinking, to make a vision of the ideal city and countryside under the ideal China, and to provide guidance for China in the transitional period.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学人类学研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“文化转型背景下乡土社会秩序的变迁与重建研究”(15ASH012)
【分类号】：C912.4

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