我国农村社区建设问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-23 13:58

【摘要】：我国是一个农业大国,由于长期的城乡二元结构体制的存在,使得“三农”问题严重,解决好农村、农业、农民问题,是我国农村经济社会发展任务的重中之重。党的十六届五中全会提出了“建设社会主义新农村”的任务,自此我国的农村建设如火如荼的开展起来。而其中农村社区建设是推进新农村建设的一条有效途径,农村社区建设可以使城乡社会发展和治理协调统一,加快农村城镇化进程,促进城乡一体化发展。农村社区也是完善村民自治,扩大基层民主的有效载体,是提高农民生活环境和文明程度的内在需求。农村社区是市场经济和市民社会发展成熟后,政府职能转变的必然选择,但是由于我国的市场经济和公民社会并没有达到这种完全自我管理的程度,在加上我国的农村社区建设工作处于探索阶段,所以在农村社区建设过程中出现了一些问题,农村社区建设的研究就成了必然。目前的农村社区建设研究主要是从乡村治理、农村社区的范围、社区管理城市化、农村社区模式、国外社区建设的经验这几个方面展开的,但是农村社区的理论研究与农村社区建设实践存在一定程度的分离,在农村社区建设过程中出现的问题的研究上缺乏较系统、较完善的分析,大多数是对农村社区个案问题的简单分析,本文试图对农村社区建设中出现的主要问题做较系统的分析,从而找出问题的症结所在,并提出解决问题的措施。本文首先对农村社区建设进行了界定,进而提出了农村社区建设的主要任务,并且分析了我国农村社区建设的条件和动力。最重要的是对我国的农村社区建设主体及其在农村社区建设中的角色定位进行了分析。其次,对我国农村社区建设存在的问题进行了分类分析。在回顾农村社区建设的实践基础上,归纳了农村社区建设的几种模式。对于我国农村社区建设存在的问题从外部制度环境因素和内部三个建设主体方面进行了分类、分层分析。最后,针对以上问题提出相关的解决措施：改善农村社区建设的制度环境因素,为农村社区建设提供一个良好的制度平台和环境；充分尊重农民意愿,发挥农民在农村社区建设过程中的主体作用；把社区建设作为一个社会系统工程,从新农村社区建设和城乡一体化发展的高度去把握农村社区建设；完善社区组织的建设和管理,推动社区组织的健康发展；农村社区建设要因地制宜,合理利用当地的经济文化资源。
[Abstract]:Our country is a big agricultural country, because of the existence of the system of dual structure in urban and rural areas for a long time, the problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" is serious. It is the most important task of our country's rural economic and social development to solve the problems of countryside, agriculture and farmers. The Fifth Plenary session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward the task of "building a new socialist countryside". Since then, the rural construction of our country has been in full swing. The construction of rural community is an effective way to promote the construction of new countryside. The construction of rural community can make the social development and governance of urban and rural areas harmonious and unified, accelerate the process of rural urbanization and promote the development of integration of urban and rural areas. Rural community is also an effective carrier to improve villagers' autonomy and expand grass-roots democracy. It is also the internal demand to improve farmers' living environment and civilization. After the development of market economy and civil society, the rural community is the inevitable choice for the transformation of government functions. However, the market economy and civil society in our country have not reached this level of complete self-management. In addition, the construction of rural communities in China is in the exploratory stage, so there are some problems in the process of rural community construction, the research of rural community construction has become inevitable. The current research on the construction of rural communities is mainly carried out from the aspects of rural governance, the scope of rural communities, the urbanization of community management, the mode of rural communities, and the experience of foreign community construction. However, there is a certain degree of separation between the theoretical research of rural community and the practice of rural community construction, and there is a lack of systematic and perfect analysis of the problems in the process of rural community construction. Most of them are simple analysis of the case problems of rural communities. This paper attempts to make a more systematic analysis of the main problems in the construction of rural communities, so as to find out the crux of the problems and put forward measures to solve the problems. This paper first defines the rural community construction, then puts forward the main task of rural community construction, and analyzes the conditions and driving force of rural community construction in China. The most important is to analyze the main body of rural community construction and its role in rural community construction. Secondly, the problems existing in the construction of rural communities in China are classified and analyzed. On the basis of reviewing the practice of rural community construction, this paper sums up several models of rural community construction. The problems existing in the construction of rural communities in China are classified and analyzed in terms of external institutional environment factors and internal three construction subjects. Finally, to solve the above problems, some relevant measures are put forward: to improve the institutional environmental factors of rural community construction, to provide a good institutional platform and environment for rural community construction, to fully respect the wishes of farmers, Give play to the main role of farmers in the process of rural community construction, take community construction as a social system engineering, from the new rural community construction and the integration of urban and rural development to grasp the rural community construction; The construction and management of community organizations should be improved to promote the healthy development of community organizations, and the construction of rural communities should be adapted to local conditions and make rational use of local economic and cultural resources.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D422.6;C916

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