我国中部地区农村聚居地域差异与影响因素研究
发布时间：2018-08-24 10:13
【摘要】：农村聚居是农村居民与周围自然、经济、社会、文化环境相互作用的结果,具有明显的地域分异规律。我国中部地区幅员辽阔,涉及全国10%的国土面积、1/3的农村人口,近120万个自然村落。洞庭湖、鄱阳湖畔的鱼米水乡与吕梁、太行山区的窑洞堡寨；湘鄂2-3户的零散湾子与皖赣数千户上万人聚族而居的村落；晋豫的小亲族村庄、皖赣的宗族村庄等无不彰显着中部地区农村聚居的地域差异性。深入研究这种差异性,是为了给我国中部地区农村聚居模式识别提供科学的依据,同时也是为农村聚居模式调控提供正确分类指导的前提。只有因地制宜,注意农村聚居的多样性,采取具有统一基础但差异化的政策措施才能积极、有效地推动国家新农村建设、城乡一体化发展、农村土地整治与流转等战略的实施。 本文利用样带法,以我国中部地区京广-焦太铁路、皖赣-湘黔铁路沿线88县(市)组成的样带区域,根据斑块规模、斑块密度、最大斑块指数等景观指数以及住宅质量与结构、公共品供给水平、主观幸福感、社会支持网络等多项指标,应用统计模型和GIS空间分析方法,重点研究了样带区农村聚居的在空间分布特征、建筑与设施、社会结构、聚居文化、演化模式等方面的地域差异以及自然环境、基础设施、现代农村经济转型、城镇化、社会制度与政策、地域文化等因素对农村聚居地域差异的影响。研究结果表明： (1)我国中部地区农村聚居地域差异包括地域现状差异与地域趋势差异,主要表现为山—丘—平、发达—欠发达—落后、近郊—远郊—偏远农区三种地域差异模式；农村聚居系统现状与趋势地域差异的形成是自然环境与地域文化基底、经济与技术发展、政策与制度调控三大因素系统综合作用的结果。 (2)我国中部地区农村聚居地域现状差异主要表现在：农村聚居空间特征主要呈现山—丘—平地域差异；农村住房条件与基础、社会服务设施质量呈现发达-欠发达-落后区经济梯度差异；聚居群体生活型态与社会结构主要呈现近郊-远郊-偏远农区地域差异。我国中部地区农村聚居地域趋势差异主要表现为基于不同演化主动力的地域农村聚居演化模式,即基于人口自然增长驱动的自然演化；基于城镇化、工业化、政策制度驱动的正加速演化；基于城镇化、工业化、家庭规模小型化、交通条件改善驱动的负加速演化以及基于灾害规避、生态移民、城镇工矿拓展驱动的突变演化。 (3)农村聚居地域现状与趋势差异影响因素的综合作用机理为：①自然与文化基底是影响农村聚居空间选址与布局的首要因素,也是影响农村聚居规模大小与形态的决定性因素,是农村聚居山-丘-平地域差异形成的重要前提。②经济与技术发展是农村聚居住房与设施条件、生活质量、社会型态、功能价值形成发达-欠发达-落后、城-郊-乡地域差异的主导性因素,其中基础设施建设对农村聚居演变的速度、方向以及形态具有重要的空间引导作用。③政策与制度因素是影响农村聚居演化趋势与与发展方向的重要因素。随着现代农村聚居的发展与演变,传统的自然环境与地域文化基底的基础性、制约性作用地位不断弱化,新兴的经济与技术发展、政策与制度调控的作用地位不断上升。农村聚居地域演化趋势差异是基于差别化的主导驱动力形成的,差别化的主导驱动动力是经济与技术发展水平、政策制度调控程度、自然环境因子突变三者综合作用的结果。
[Abstract]:Rural settlement is the result of the interaction between rural residents and the surrounding natural, economic, social and cultural environment, and has obvious regional differentiation law. The central region of China is vast, involving 10% of the country's land area, 1/3 of the rural population, nearly 1.2 million natural villages. Dongting Lake, Yumishui Township by Poyang Lake, Luliang Mountain Caves Fortress village, scattered Wanzi of 2-3 households in Hunan and Hubei, and villages inhabited by tens of thousands of families in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces, small kinship villages in Shanxi and Henan provinces, and Clan Villages in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces all show the regional differences of rural settlements in central China. Only by adjusting measures to local conditions, paying attention to the diversity of rural settlements, adopting unified but differentiated policies and measures can we actively and effectively promote the implementation of national new rural construction, urban-rural integration, rural land consolidation and circulation strategies.
In this paper, the method of transect is used to analyze the landscape indexes such as patch size, patch density, maximum patch index, residential quality and structure, public goods supply level, subjective well-being, social support network and so on. The model and GIS spatial analysis method are used to study the spatial distribution characteristics, buildings and facilities, social structure, settlement culture, evolution model and other regional differences of rural settlements in the transect area, as well as the natural environment, infrastructure, modern rural economic transformation, urbanization, social system and policy, regional culture and other factors on rural settlements. The results show that:
(1) The regional differences of rural settlements in the central part of China include the differences of regional status quo and regional trends, which are mainly manifested in three patterns: mountain-hilly-flat, developed-underdeveloped-backward, suburban-suburban-remote agricultural areas; the formation of the regional differences of rural settlements is the base of natural environment and regional culture. Economic and technological development, policy and institutional regulation are the result of the combined effects of the three major factors.
(2) The differences of the present situation of rural settlements in central China are mainly manifested in the following aspects: the spatial characteristics of rural settlements are mainly mountain-hilly-plain; the housing conditions and foundation in rural areas; the quality of social service facilities presents economic gradient differences in developed-underdeveloped-backward areas; the life style and social structure of the settlements are mainly suburban-suburban. The regional differences of rural settlements in central China are mainly manifested in the evolution model of rural settlements based on different evolutionary initiative, that is, natural evolution driven by natural population growth, accelerated evolution driven by urbanization, industrialization and policy system, urbanization and industrialization. Family size miniaturization, negative accelerated evolution driven by improved traffic conditions, and catastrophic evolution driven by disaster avoidance, ecological migration and urban industrial and mining expansion.
(3) The synthetical mechanism of the factors influencing the present situation and trend of rural settlements is as follows: (1) Natural and cultural base is the primary factor influencing the location and layout of rural settlements, and is also the decisive factor influencing the size and shape of rural settlements, and is the important premise for the formation of the regional differences between rural settlements in mountain, hill and plain areas. Technological development is the dominant factor for the development-underdevelopment-backwardness of rural residential quarters and facilities, the quality of life, the social pattern, the formation of functional values, and the regional differences between urban and rural areas. Infrastructure construction plays an important role in guiding the evolution speed, direction and form of rural settlements. With the development and evolution of modern rural settlements, the basic and restrictive role of traditional natural environment and regional cultural base is weakening, the emerging economic and technological development, the role of policy and institutional regulation is rising. Potential difference is formed on the basis of the dominant driving force of differentiation. The dominant driving force of differentiation is the result of the combined effects of the level of economic and technological development, the degree of regulation and control of policies and systems, and the sudden change of natural environmental factors.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.82
本文编号：2200505
[Abstract]:Rural settlement is the result of the interaction between rural residents and the surrounding natural, economic, social and cultural environment, and has obvious regional differentiation law. The central region of China is vast, involving 10% of the country's land area, 1/3 of the rural population, nearly 1.2 million natural villages. Dongting Lake, Yumishui Township by Poyang Lake, Luliang Mountain Caves Fortress village, scattered Wanzi of 2-3 households in Hunan and Hubei, and villages inhabited by tens of thousands of families in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces, small kinship villages in Shanxi and Henan provinces, and Clan Villages in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces all show the regional differences of rural settlements in central China. Only by adjusting measures to local conditions, paying attention to the diversity of rural settlements, adopting unified but differentiated policies and measures can we actively and effectively promote the implementation of national new rural construction, urban-rural integration, rural land consolidation and circulation strategies.
In this paper, the method of transect is used to analyze the landscape indexes such as patch size, patch density, maximum patch index, residential quality and structure, public goods supply level, subjective well-being, social support network and so on. The model and GIS spatial analysis method are used to study the spatial distribution characteristics, buildings and facilities, social structure, settlement culture, evolution model and other regional differences of rural settlements in the transect area, as well as the natural environment, infrastructure, modern rural economic transformation, urbanization, social system and policy, regional culture and other factors on rural settlements. The results show that:
(1) The regional differences of rural settlements in the central part of China include the differences of regional status quo and regional trends, which are mainly manifested in three patterns: mountain-hilly-flat, developed-underdeveloped-backward, suburban-suburban-remote agricultural areas; the formation of the regional differences of rural settlements is the base of natural environment and regional culture. Economic and technological development, policy and institutional regulation are the result of the combined effects of the three major factors.
(2) The differences of the present situation of rural settlements in central China are mainly manifested in the following aspects: the spatial characteristics of rural settlements are mainly mountain-hilly-plain; the housing conditions and foundation in rural areas; the quality of social service facilities presents economic gradient differences in developed-underdeveloped-backward areas; the life style and social structure of the settlements are mainly suburban-suburban. The regional differences of rural settlements in central China are mainly manifested in the evolution model of rural settlements based on different evolutionary initiative, that is, natural evolution driven by natural population growth, accelerated evolution driven by urbanization, industrialization and policy system, urbanization and industrialization. Family size miniaturization, negative accelerated evolution driven by improved traffic conditions, and catastrophic evolution driven by disaster avoidance, ecological migration and urban industrial and mining expansion.
(3) The synthetical mechanism of the factors influencing the present situation and trend of rural settlements is as follows: (1) Natural and cultural base is the primary factor influencing the location and layout of rural settlements, and is also the decisive factor influencing the size and shape of rural settlements, and is the important premise for the formation of the regional differences between rural settlements in mountain, hill and plain areas. Technological development is the dominant factor for the development-underdevelopment-backwardness of rural residential quarters and facilities, the quality of life, the social pattern, the formation of functional values, and the regional differences between urban and rural areas. Infrastructure construction plays an important role in guiding the evolution speed, direction and form of rural settlements. With the development and evolution of modern rural settlements, the basic and restrictive role of traditional natural environment and regional cultural base is weakening, the emerging economic and technological development, the role of policy and institutional regulation is rising. Potential difference is formed on the basis of the dominant driving force of differentiation. The dominant driving force of differentiation is the result of the combined effects of the level of economic and technological development, the degree of regulation and control of policies and systems, and the sudden change of natural environmental factors.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.82
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 邓春雁;我国当代农业村庄营建基础的类型研究[D];北京建筑工程学院;2012年
，本文编号：2200505
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